Institute of Thoracic Medicine, Madras Medical College, Chennai.
Indian J Tuberc. 2023;70 Suppl 1:S35-S38. doi: 10.1016/j.ijtb.2023.09.001. Epub 2023 Sep 6.
As we march towards the goals of TB elimination, one area of focus is on TB preventive therapy which deals with treatment of latent TB infection, the pool from which future TB cases are generated. Children are particularly vulnerable to disseminated TB and seriously ill TB like TB meningitis, which highlights the need for addressing latent TB infection in the age group of 0-18 years. The national TB elimination program has extended it's strategy to include TB preventive therapy from treating children <5 years and PLHIV to treating children ≥5 years, adolescents and adult household contacts of TB cases and at risk immunosuppressed groups. Newer regimens including weekly INH and Rifapentine for three months (3HP) has been recommended in the program. Concerns and opportunities for operational research in this area include surveillance and monitoring for drug toxicity and resistance, strategies to ensure adherence and improve treatment completion and outcomes.
在我们迈向结核病消除目标的过程中，一个关注重点是结核病预防治疗，它涉及到潜伏性结核病感染的治疗，而潜伏性结核病感染是未来结核病病例产生的源头。儿童特别容易感染播散性结核病和严重的结核病，如结核性脑膜炎，这凸显了在 0-18 岁年龄段解决潜伏性结核病感染的必要性。国家结核病消除规划已将其战略扩大到包括对 5 岁以下儿童和 PLHIV 进行结核病预防治疗，以及对≥5 岁儿童、青少年和结核病病例的成人家庭接触者以及有免疫抑制风险的群体进行结核病预防治疗。方案中推荐了包括每周异烟肼和利福喷丁治疗三个月（3HP）的新方案。该领域开展操作性研究的关注点和机会包括监测和监测药物毒性和耐药性、确保遵医嘱和提高治疗完成率和效果的策略。
