Physiotherapy Unit, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, c/ Marquesado de Sta. Marta, Madrid, Spain.
CEU International Doctoral School (CEINDO), University San Pablo-CEU, C/Tutor, Madrid, Spain.
Medicine (Baltimore). 2023 Dec 15;102(50):e36551. doi: 10.1097/MD.0000000000036551.
Glenohumeral internal rotation deficit (GIRD) is one of the most important factors influencing injury risk in the arm of overhead athletes. Some studies have shown that the GIRD of athletes with shoulder pain was higher than those without shoulder pain, establishing a relation between shoulder pain and GIRD. However, there are no studies that relate to GIRD and shoulder pain or the risk factors that affect GIRD in the population with this ailment. This study aimed to: determine if GIRD could be found clinically and between which values it oscillates in patients with shoulder pain, and explore if there are any potential associations between GIRD and some sociodemographic data, and orthopedic or radiological findings. A descriptive observational study design was adopted to determine if GIRD could be found clinically in patients with shoulder pain and to gain further evidence in the potential associations between GIRD and sociodemographic data, and orthopedic or radiological findings. All those patients without exclusion criteria between October 1,2020 and March 31,2021 were included. Exclusion criteria consisted of being under 18 years old but younger than 80 years old, showing shoulder pain in both shoulders and having a joint prosthesis in at least one of the 2 shoulders, tumor, or infection. A total of 67 patients aged between 25 and 75 years (52.7 ± 11.8 years, 36 male and 31 female). More than 82% of patients with shoulder pain showed a GIRD higher than 20º. The mean GIRD was 37.6 ± 17.09º. The 95th percentile was 66.22º. From sociodemographic data could be extracted that: patients who have children showed a lower GIRD, patients with right shoulder pain, or whose dominance coincided with a painful shoulder showed a higher GIRD. The orthopedic findings revealed that patients with a positive Jobe test showed a lower GIRD. The linear model considering both sociodemographic and orthopedic findings showed that GIRD was reduced by having children and by BMI. GIRD shows a high incidence in patients with shoulder pain. The descendant, BMI, and positive Jobe test were negatively associated with the GIRD.
肩峰下关节内旋不足（GIRD）是影响上肢运动员肩部受伤风险的最重要因素之一。一些研究表明，有肩部疼痛的运动员的 GIRD 高于没有肩部疼痛的运动员，这表明肩部疼痛与 GIRD 之间存在关系。然而，目前还没有研究涉及到患有这种疾病的人群中的 GIRD 与肩部疼痛或影响 GIRD 的危险因素之间的关系。本研究旨在：确定在患有肩部疼痛的患者中是否可以临床发现 GIRD，以及 GIRD 的波动范围在哪些值之间，并探讨 GIRD 与某些社会人口统计学数据以及骨科或影像学结果之间是否存在任何潜在关联。采用描述性观察研究设计来确定在患有肩部疼痛的患者中是否可以临床发现 GIRD，并进一步证明 GIRD 与社会人口统计学数据以及骨科或影像学结果之间的潜在关联。纳入了 2020 年 10 月 1 日至 2021 年 3 月 31 日之间没有排除标准的所有患者。排除标准包括年龄在 18 岁以下但 80 岁以上，双侧肩部均有肩部疼痛以及至少一侧肩部有关节假体，肿瘤或感染。共有 67 名年龄在 25 至 75 岁之间的患者（52.7±11.8 岁，36 名男性和 31 名女性）。超过 82％的肩部疼痛患者的 GIRD 高于 20º。平均 GIRD 为 37.6±17.09º。第 95 个百分位数为 66.22º。从社会人口统计学数据中可以提取出：有孩子的患者 GIRD 较低，右侧肩部疼痛或优势肩与疼痛肩一致的患者 GIRD 较高。骨科检查结果显示，Jobe 试验阳性的患者 GIRD 较低。考虑到社会人口统计学和骨科发现的线性模型表明，GIRD 随着孩子的增加和 BMI 的增加而降低。GIRD 在患有肩部疼痛的患者中发生率很高。后代，BMI 和 Jobe 试验阳性与 GIRD 呈负相关。
