Huang Song, Li Xiaowei, Cai Yimin, Feng Wen, Yuan Lihua
College of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Radiation Physics and Technology of Ministry of Education, Institute of Nuclear Science and Technology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, China.
Chemistry. 2024 Mar 1;30(13):e202303394. doi: 10.1002/chem.202303394. Epub 2024 Jan 4.
The development of efficient and selective organic synthetic approaches for complex molecules has garnered significant attention due to the need for precise control over molecular structures and functions. Rotaxanes, a type of mechanically interlocked molecules (MIMs), have shown promising applications in various fields including sensing, catalysis, and material science. However, the highly selective synthesis of oligo[n]rotaxanes (mostly n≥3) through controlling host-guest complexation and supramolecular threading assembly process still remains an ongoing challenge. In particular, the utilization of two-dimensional (2D) macrocycles with structural shape-persistency for the synthesis of oligo[n]rotaxanes is rare. In this concept, research on cooperatively threaded host-guest complexation with hydrogen-bonded (H-bonded) aramide macrocycles and selective synthetic protocols of oligo[n]rotaxanes has been summarized. The high efficiency and selectivity in synthesis are ascribed to the synergistic interplay of multiple non-covalent bonding interactions such as hydrogen bonding and intermolecular π-π stacking of macrocycles within the unique supramolecular structure of threaded host-guest complexes. This review focuses on the latest progress in the concepts, synthesis, and properties of H-bonded aramide macrocycle-based oligorotaxanes, and presents an in-depth outlook on challenges in this emerging field.
由于对分子结构和功能进行精确控制的需求，用于复杂分子的高效且选择性的有机合成方法的发展已引起了广泛关注。轮烷作为一种机械互锁分子（MIMs），在传感、催化和材料科学等各个领域都显示出了有前景的应用。然而，通过控制主客体络合和超分子穿线组装过程来高度选择性地合成低聚[n]轮烷（大多n≥3）仍然是一个持续存在的挑战。特别是，利用具有结构形状持久性的二维（2D）大环来合成低聚[n]轮烷的情况很少见。在这个概念中，总结了关于氢键（H键）芳酰胺大环的协同穿线主客体络合以及低聚[n]轮烷的选择性合成方案的研究。合成中的高效率和选择性归因于多种非共价键相互作用的协同作用，例如在穿线主客体络合物独特的超分子结构内的氢键和大环的分子间π-π堆积。这篇综述聚焦于基于氢键芳酰胺大环的低聚轮烷的概念、合成和性质的最新进展，并对这个新兴领域中的挑战进行了深入展望。
