Gonzalez-Castro Raul A, Carnevale Elaine M
Equine Reproduction Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA.
Vet Sci. 2023 Dec 11;10(12):698. doi: 10.3390/vetsci10120698.
Phospholipase C Zeta 1 (PLCZ1) is considered a major sperm-borne oocyte activation factor. After gamete fusion, PLCZ1 triggers calcium oscillations in the oocyte, resulting in oocyte activation. In assisted fertilization, oocyte activation failure is a major cause of low fertility. Most cases of oocyte activation failures in humans related to male infertility are associated with gene mutations and/or altered PLCZ1. Consequently, PLCZ1 evaluation could be an effective diagnostic marker and predictor of sperm fertilizing potential for in vivo and in vitro embryo production. The characterization of PLCZ1 has been principally investigated in men and mice, with less known about the PLCZ1 impact on assisted reproduction in other species, such as cattle and horses. In horses, sperm PLCZ1 varies among stallions, and sperm populations with high PLCZ1 are associated with cleavage after intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI). In contrast, bull sperm is less able to initiate calcium oscillations and undergo nuclear remodeling, resulting in poor cleavage after ICSI. Advantageously, injections of PLCZ1 are able to rescue oocyte failure in mouse oocytes after ICSI, promoting full development and birth. However, further research is needed to optimize PLCZ1 diagnostic tests for consistent association with fertility and to determine whether PLCZ1 as an oocyte-activating treatment is a physiological, efficient, and safe method for improving assisted fertilization in cattle and horses.
磷脂酶Cζ1（PLCZ1）被认为是主要的精子携带的卵母细胞激活因子。配子融合后，PLCZ1触发卵母细胞中的钙振荡，从而导致卵母细胞激活。在辅助受精中，卵母细胞激活失败是低生育力的主要原因。人类中大多数与男性不育相关的卵母细胞激活失败病例都与基因突变和/或PLCZ1改变有关。因此，PLCZ1评估可能是体内和体外胚胎生产中精子受精潜力的有效诊断标志物和预测指标。PLCZ1的特性主要在人和小鼠中进行了研究，而关于PLCZ1对其他物种（如牛和马）辅助生殖的影响了解较少。在马中，不同种公马的精子PLCZ1存在差异，PLCZ1水平高的精子群体与胞浆内单精子注射（ICSI）后的卵裂有关。相比之下，公牛精子引发钙振荡和进行核重塑的能力较弱，导致ICSI后卵裂较差。有利的是，注射PLCZ1能够挽救小鼠卵母细胞在ICSI后的激活失败，促进其充分发育并出生。然而，需要进一步研究以优化PLCZ1诊断测试，使其与生育力保持一致关联，并确定PLCZ1作为卵母细胞激活治疗方法是否是一种生理、有效且安全的改善牛和马辅助受精的方法。
