Preoperative ultrasound assessment of gastric content in patients with diabetes: A meta-analysis based on a systematic review of the current literature.

STUDY OBJECTIVE

To conduct a systematic literature review of the current evidence on the effect of diabetes mellitus on gastric volume observed during a preoperative ultrasound examination. Using the results of this systematic literature review, a meta-analysis was performed to investigate whether there was an association between diabetes mellitus and an increased risk of presenting with a high-risk stomach (gastric volume associated with an increased risk of pulmonary aspiration).

DESIGN

Review article and meta-analysis.

SETTING

Review of published literature.

PATIENTS

A total of 3366 patients underwent surgery.

INTERVENTION

Gastric ultrasound examination.

MEASUREMENTS

Data for the meta-analysis and literature review were collected from the PubMed/Medline, Embase, Web of Science, and Google Scholar databases of the National Library of Medicine from the date of inception to January 2023. All included studies measured the gastric antral cross-sectional area and/or gastric residual volume in patients with diabetes and those without diabetes. The data utilized in the meta-analysis included all studies that evaluated the incidence of high-risk stomachs based on ultrasonographic measurements of the gastric antral cross-sectional area or gastric residual volume.

MAIN RESULTS

Most collated studies revealed that diabetes mellitus was associated with increased antral cross-sectional area and gastric residual volume. A meta-analysis of published reports indicated that patients with diabetes have an increased rate of high-risk stomachs.

CONCLUSIONS

Diabetes mellitus is associated with an increased rate of high-risk stomachs. The authors recommend large prospective trials to ascertain the safety of the current fasting guidelines for patients with diabetes undergoing surgery.