混合武术中外在和内在训练负荷的关系。
The Relationships Between External and Internal Training Loads in Mixed Martial Arts.
机构信息
Sport and Human Performance Research Group, Sheffield Hallam University, Sheffield, United Kingdom.
Research Institute for Sport and Exercise Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, United Kingdom.
出版信息
Int J Sports Physiol Perform. 2023 Dec 21;19(2):173-184. doi: 10.1123/ijspp.2023-0037. Print 2024 Feb 1.
PURPOSE
As a multidisciplined combat sport, relationships between external and internal training loads and intensities of mixed martial arts (MMA) have not been described. The aim of this study was to determine the external loads and intensities of MMA training categories and their relationship to internal loads and intensities.
METHODS
Twenty MMA athletes (age = 23.3 [5.3] y, mass = 72.1 [7.2] kg, stature = 171.5 [8.4] cm) were observed for 2 consecutive weeks. Internal load and intensity (session rating of perceived exertion [sRPE]) were calculated using the Foster RPE for the session overall (sRPE-training load [TL]) and segmented RPE (segRPE-TL) for each training category: warm-up, striking drills, wrestling drills, Brazilian jiujitsu (BJJ) drills, striking sparring, wrestling sparring, BJJ sparring, and MMA sparring. External load and intensity were measured via Catapult OptimEye S5 for the full duration of each session using accumulated Playerload (PLdACC) and PLdACC per minute (PLdACC·min-1). Differences in loads between categories and days were assessed via Bayesian analysis of variance (BF10 ≥ 3). Predictive relationships between internal and external variables were calculated using Bayesian regression.
RESULTS
Session overall sRPE-TL = 448.6 (191.1) arbitrary units (AU); PLdACC = 310.6 (112) AU. Category segRPE-TL range = 33.8 (22.6) AU (warm-up) to 122.8 (54.6) AU (BJJ drills). Category PLdACC range = 44 (36.3) AU (warm-up) to 125 (58.8) AU (MMA sparring). Neither sRPE-TL nor PLdACC changed between days. PLdACC was different between categories. Evidence for regressions was strong-decisive except for BJJ drills (BF10 = 7, moderate). R2 range = .50 to .77, except for warm-up (R2 = .17), BJJ drills (R2 = .27), BJJ sparring (R2 = .49), and session overall (R2 = .13).
CONCLUSIONS
While MMA training categories may be differentiated in terms of external load, overall session external load does not change within or between weeks. Resultant regression equations may be used to appropriately plan MMA technical/tactical training loads.
目的
作为一项多学科的格斗运动，混合武术（MMA）的外部和内部训练负荷和强度之间的关系尚未得到描述。本研究的目的是确定 MMA 训练类别的外部负荷和强度及其与内部负荷和强度的关系。
方法
对 20 名 MMA 运动员（年龄=23.3[5.3]岁，体重=72.1[7.2]公斤，身高=171.5[8.4]厘米）进行了连续 2 周的观察。使用 Foster RPE 计算内部负荷和强度（整个训练课的感觉疲劳评分[sRPE]）和分段 RPE（segRPE-TL），每个训练类别为：热身、打击训练、摔跤训练、巴西柔术（BJJ）训练、打击对抗、摔跤对抗、BJJ 对抗和 MMA 对抗。通过 Catapult OptimEye S5 测量外部负荷和强度，使用累积 Playerload（PLdACC）和每分钟的 PLdACC（PLdACC·min-1）测量每个训练课的全部持续时间。通过贝叶斯方差分析（BF10≥3）评估类别之间和天数之间的负荷差异。使用贝叶斯回归计算内部和外部变量之间的预测关系。
结果
整个训练课的 sRPE-TL=448.6（191.1）任意单位（AU）；PLdACC=310.6（112）AU。类别 segRPE-TL 范围=33.8（22.6）AU（热身）至 122.8（54.6）AU（BJJ 训练）。类别 PLdACC 范围=44（36.3）AU（热身）至 125（58.8）AU（MMA 对抗）。无论是 sRPE-TL 还是 PLdACC，在天数之间都没有变化。PLdACC 在类别之间有所不同。除了巴西柔术训练（BF10=7，中度）之外，回归的证据都是有力的-决定性的。R2 范围为.50 至.77，除了热身（R2=.17）、巴西柔术训练（R2=.27）、巴西柔术对抗（R2=.49）和整个训练课（R2=.13）。
结论
虽然 MMA 训练类别可以根据外部负荷进行区分，但在一周内或一周内，整个训练课的外部负荷不会发生变化。由此产生的回归方程可用于合理规划 MMA 技术/战术训练负荷。
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