Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Korea University Anam Hospital, 73 Goryeodae-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea.
Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Gyeongsang National University Changwon Hospital, 11 Samjeongja-ro, Seongsan-gu, Changwon-si 51472, Republic of Korea.
Medicina (Kaunas). 2023 Dec 15;59(12):2183. doi: 10.3390/medicina59122183.
Serum vitamin levels, cardiovascular disease risk factors, and their association with depression is a complex issue that has been the subject of much research. Therefore, we investigated the relationship between vitamin A, B9, and E levels, cardiovascular risk factors, and depression in premenopausal and menopausal South Korean women. This cross-sectional study used the 2016-2018 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey data. Depression was assessed using a questionnaire to check for symptoms of depression or the Patient Health Questionnaire-9. Blood samples were collected from the antecubital vein in the morning after an overnight fast. Covariates were defined as self-reported physician diagnoses. Well-trained medical staff performed the standard procedures. Statistical analysis was performed using the complex sample analysis method of SPSS, using two separate logistic regression models (model 1: adjusted for age; model 2: adjusted for age, marital status, smoking, and alcohol consumption). A total of 3313 women aged over 20 years were enrolled. The association between vitamin A levels and depression was as follows: lower levels of vitamin A were associated with an increased risk of depression in premenopausal women in model 1 and model 2. The levels of serum vitamins E and B9 were not correlated with depression in premenopausal and postmenopausal women. In the premenopausal group, depression increased in the obesity (model 1: = 0.037; model 2: = 0.047) and diabetes mellitus (model 1: = 0.010; model 2: = 0.009) groups. The menopausal group with depression had higher rates of stroke (model 1: = 0.017; model 2: = 0.039) and myocardial infarction (model 1: = 0.004; model 2: = 0.008) than the group without depression. Depression is correlated with lower blood levels of vitamin A in premenopausal women. Vitamin B9 and E levels were not associated with depression independent of menopausal status. Depression is associated with obesity and diabetes mellitus in premenopausal women and with stroke and myocardial infarction in postmenopausal women.
血清维生素水平、心血管疾病危险因素及其与抑郁症的关系是一个复杂的问题，已经成为许多研究的主题。因此，我们调查了维生素 A、B9 和 E 水平、心血管危险因素与绝经前和绝经后韩国女性抑郁症之间的关系。本横断面研究使用了 2016-2018 年韩国国家健康和营养检查调查的数据。抑郁症使用问卷进行评估，以检查抑郁症状或患者健康问卷-9。血液样本于禁食一夜后早上从肘前静脉采集。协变量定义为自我报告的医生诊断。经过培训的医务人员执行标准程序。使用 SPSS 的复杂样本分析方法进行统计分析，使用两个单独的逻辑回归模型（模型 1：调整年龄；模型 2：调整年龄、婚姻状况、吸烟和饮酒）。共纳入 3313 名 20 岁以上女性。维生素 A 水平与抑郁症的关系如下：在模型 1 和模型 2 中，维生素 A 水平较低与绝经前女性患抑郁症的风险增加有关。血清维生素 E 和 B9 水平与绝经前和绝经后女性的抑郁症无关。在绝经前组中，肥胖症（模型 1： = 0.037；模型 2： = 0.047）和糖尿病（模型 1： = 0.010；模型 2： = 0.009）组中抑郁增加。患有抑郁症的绝经后组中风（模型 1： = 0.017；模型 2： = 0.039）和心肌梗死（模型 1： = 0.004；模型 2： = 0.008）的发生率高于无抑郁症组。抑郁症与绝经前女性血液中维生素 A 水平较低有关。维生素 B9 和 E 水平与绝经状态无关，与抑郁症无关。抑郁症与绝经前女性的肥胖症和糖尿病有关，与绝经后女性的中风和心肌梗死有关。
