Tavares Wilson R, Jiménez Ignacio A, Oliveira Luísa, Kuhtinskaja Maria, Vaher Merike, Rosa José S, Seca Ana M L, Bazzocchi Isabel L, Barreto Maria do Carmo
Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes (cE3c), Azorean Biodiversity Group & Global Change and Sustainability Institute (CHANGE), Faculty of Sciences and Technology, University of the Azores, 9501-321 Ponta Delgada, Portugal.
Instituto Universitario de Bio-Orgánica Antonio González, Departamento de Química Orgánica, Universidad de La Laguna, Avenida Astrofísico Francisco Sánchez 2, 38206 La Laguna, Spain.
Plants (Basel). 2023 Dec 10;12(24):4122. doi: 10.3390/plants12244122.
is responsible for significant economic losses in the fruit production industry, and the market lacks biopesticides that are effective but also cheaper and less contaminating, with fewer negative impacts on the environment. In this regard, the present study suggests as potential options ethanolic extracts from several Macaronesian plants, which inhibit the oviposition and are toxic to , and whose preparation involve a non-toxic solvent (i.e., ethanol), low energy expenditure and cheap apparatus (i.e., maceration at room temperature). Among the evaluated species, the extracts of , and are the most active (50 mg/mL), revealing an increase in adults' mortality from 21.15% to 27.41% after 72 h, a value statistically identical to azadirachtin (25.93%) at the recommended concentration (0.88 mg/mL). Considering the quantity and biomass available to prepare a biopesticide in the future, and the level of activity, the ethanolic extract of was fractionated and each fraction tested. The water fraction at 50 mg/mL proved to be more effective than the original extract, both in terms of mortality (57.69%), with LT = 72.5 h, and oviposition deterrence (83.43%), values statistically higher than those obtained by azadirachtin at 0.88 mg/mL. Analysis of this fraction by HPLC-MS/MS showed that it is mainly composed of glycosylated derivatives of quercetin and myricetin in addition to some triterpenes. These findings highlight some Macaronesian species, and in particular, the more polar fraction of ethanolic extract, as promising and ecological alternatives to conventional insecticides, for use in the integrated management of the pest.
它在水果生产行业造成了巨大的经济损失，并且市场上缺乏既有效又更便宜、污染更少且对环境负面影响较小的生物农药。在这方面，本研究提出几种马卡罗尼西亚植物的乙醇提取物作为潜在选择，这些提取物可抑制产卵并对[具体对象]有毒，且其制备过程使用无毒溶剂（即乙醇）、能源消耗低且设备便宜（即在室温下浸渍）。在所评估的物种中，[具体物种1]、[具体物种2]和[具体物种3]的提取物活性最高（50毫克/毫升），显示72小时后[具体对象]成虫死亡率从21.15%增至27.41%，该值在统计学上与推荐浓度（0.88毫克/毫升）下的印楝素（25.93%）相同。考虑到未来制备生物农药可用的数量和生物量以及活性水平，对[具体物种4]的乙醇提取物进行了分馏并对每个馏分进行了测试。50毫克/毫升的水馏分在死亡率（57.69%，LT = 72.5小时）和产卵抑制（83.43%）方面均被证明比原始提取物更有效，这些值在统计学上高于0.88毫克/毫升印楝素所获得的值。通过HPLC-MS/MS对该馏分的分析表明，除了一些三萜类化合物外，它主要由槲皮素和杨梅素的糖基化衍生物组成。这些发现突出了一些马卡罗尼西亚物种，特别是[具体物种4]乙醇提取物中极性更大的馏分，作为传统杀虫剂的有前景的生态替代品，用于[具体害虫]的综合管理。
