Department of Management, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel.
Information Science Department, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel.
Front Immunol. 2023 Dec 7;14:1292625. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1292625. eCollection 2023.
Organ transplantation stands as a pivotal achievement in modern medicine, offering hope to individuals with end-stage organ diseases. Advancements in immunology led to improved organ transplant survival through the development of immunosuppressants, but this heightened susceptibility to fungal infections with nonspecific symptoms in recipients. This review aims to establish an intricate balance between immune responses and fungal infections in organ transplant recipients. It explores the fundamental immune mechanisms, recent advances in immune response dynamics, and strategies for immune modulation, encompassing responses to fungal infections, immunomodulatory approaches, diagnostics, treatment challenges, and management. Early diagnosis of fungal infections in transplant patients is emphasized with the understanding that innate immune responses could potentially reduce immunosuppression and promise efficient and safe immuno-modulating treatments. Advances in fungal research and genetic influences on immune-fungal interactions are underscored, as well as the potential of single-cell technologies integrated with machine learning for biomarker discovery. This review provides a snapshot of the complex interplay between immune responses and fungal infections in organ transplantation and underscores key research directions.
器官移植是现代医学的一项重大成就，为晚期器官疾病患者带来了希望。免疫学的进步通过开发免疫抑制剂提高了器官移植的存活率，但这也使受者更容易受到真菌感染，且症状不具有特异性。本综述旨在在器官移植受者的免疫反应和真菌感染之间建立一种复杂的平衡。它探讨了基本的免疫机制、免疫反应动力学的最新进展以及免疫调节策略，包括对真菌感染的反应、免疫调节方法、诊断、治疗挑战和管理。强调了对移植患者真菌感染的早期诊断，因为了解先天免疫反应可能会降低免疫抑制作用，并有望提供高效和安全的免疫调节治疗。还强调了真菌研究的进展和遗传对免疫-真菌相互作用的影响，以及单细胞技术与机器学习相结合用于生物标志物发现的潜力。本综述提供了器官移植中免疫反应和真菌感染之间复杂相互作用的一个快照，并强调了关键的研究方向。
