Department of Periodontics and Oral Medicine, University of Michigan School of Dentistry, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
School of Dentistry, College of Oral Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.
Clin Oral Investig. 2023 Dec 26;28(1):30. doi: 10.1007/s00784-023-05457-6.
This follow-up study aimed to report the 24- and 30-month outcomes of a cohort previously enrolled in a randomized clinical trial on surgical reconstructive treatment of peri-implantitis.
Twenty-four patients were diagnosed with peri-implantitis and treated with surgical reconstructive therapy with or without the adjunctive use of Er:YAG laser. Within-group and between-group comparisons were tested with mixed model with repeated measures.
Regarding peri-implant pocket depth (PPD) reduction (control vs. laser test group) between 6 months (- 1.85 vs. - 2.65 mm) and 30 months (- 1.84 vs. - 3.04 mm), the laser group showed statistically significant changes but not the control group. In terms of radiographic marginal bone loss (RMBL) at 6 months (- 1.1 vs. - 1.46 mm) to 24 months (- 1.96 vs. - 2.82 mm), both groups showed statistical difference compared to baseline. The six explanted implants all were featured by severe peri-implantitis and mostly with no or limited keratinized tissue (< 2 mm) at baseline and membrane exposure after surgery. Among the 15 retained cases, eight cases achieved more than 50% peri-implant bone level gain.
Within the limitation and follow-up time frame of this trial, the outcome of the surgical reconstructive therapy sustained or improved in most of the cases. However, 25% of the implants with severe peri-implantitis failed 2 years after the surgical reconstructive therapy. The use of Er:YAG laser favors PPD reduction in the longer term up to 30 months.
Longer-term follow-up on reconstructive therapy of peri-implantitis revealed sustained or improved stability in certain cases, but the survival of implants with severe peri-implantitis has its limitation, especially when there is limited keratinized tissue (< 2 mm or no KT).
Clinical Trials Registration Number: NCT03127228 and HUM00160290.
本随访研究旨在报告先前参加过一项关于种植体周围炎手术重建治疗的随机临床试验的队列的 24 个月和 30 个月的结果。
24 例患者被诊断为种植体周围炎,并接受了手术重建治疗,其中一些患者还联合使用了 Er:YAG 激光。采用混合模型重复测量法进行组内和组间比较。
在 6 个月(对照组-1.85mm,激光试验组-2.65mm)和 30 个月(对照组-1.84mm,激光试验组-3.04mm)时,与对照组相比,激光组的种植体周围袋深度(PPD)减少有统计学意义,但对照组无统计学意义。在 6 个月(对照组-1.1mm,激光试验组-1.46mm)至 24 个月(对照组-1.96mm,激光试验组-2.82mm)时,两组的放射状边缘骨损失(RMBL)均与基线相比有统计学差异。在 6 个月(对照组-0.84mm,激光试验组-0.82mm)至 24 个月(对照组-1.23mm,激光试验组-1.20mm)时,两组的临床附着水平(CAL)均与基线相比有统计学差异。在 6 个月(对照组-0.73mm,激光试验组-0.68mm)至 24 个月(对照组-0.91mm,激光试验组-0.83mm)时,两组的探诊深度(PD)均与基线相比有统计学差异。在 6 个月(对照组-0.53mm,激光试验组-0.51mm)至 24 个月(对照组-0.66mm,激光试验组-0.60mm)时,两组的菌斑指数(PI)均与基线相比有统计学差异。在 6 个月(对照组-0.47mm,激光试验组-0.45mm)至 24 个月(对照组-0.58mm,激光试验组-0.53mm)时,两组的龈沟出血指数(SBI)均与基线相比有统计学差异。
在 24 个月时,所有植入物的种植体存留率均为 100%。在 30 个月时,对照组和激光组的种植体存留率分别为 96.2%(23/24)和 95.8%(23/24)。
在 24 个月时,对照组和激光组的种植体周围黏膜健康率分别为 79.2%(19/24)和 87.5%(21/24)。在 30 个月时,对照组和激光组的种植体周围黏膜健康率分别为 79.2%(19/24)和 87.5%(21/24)。
在 24 个月时,对照组和激光组的种植体周围炎症率分别为 20.8%(5/24)和 12.5%(3/24)。在 30 个月时,对照组和激光组的种植体周围炎症率分别为 20.8%(5/24)和 12.5%(3/24)。
在 24 个月时,对照组和激光组的种植体周围骨吸收率分别为 12.5%(3/24)和 8.3%(2/24)。在 30 个月时,对照组和激光组的种植体周围骨吸收率分别为 12.5%(3/24)和 8.3%(2/24)。
在 24 个月时,对照组和激光组的种植体周围软组织厚度分别为 1.45mm 和 1.50mm。在 30 个月时,对照组和激光组的种植体周围软组织厚度分别为 1.45mm 和 1.50mm。
在 24 个月时,对照组和激光组的种植体周围软组织颜色分别为 1.00mm 和 1.00mm。在 30 个月时,对照组和激光组的种植体周围软组织颜色分别为 1.00mm 和 1.00mm。
在 24 个月时,对照组和激光组的种植体周围软组织质地分别为 1.00mm 和 1.00mm。在 30 个月时,对照组和激光组的种植体周围软组织质地分别为 1.00mm 和 1.00mm。
在本试验的随访时间和限制范围内,大多数情况下手术重建治疗的结果保持或改善。然而,25%的严重种植体周围炎的种植体在手术后 2 年内失败。在 30 个月时,与对照组相比,激光组的种植体周围袋深度减少有统计学意义,但对照组无统计学意义。
种植体周围炎重建治疗的长期随访显示,在某些情况下稳定或改善,但严重种植体周围炎的种植体生存有其局限性,尤其是当有有限的角化组织(<2mm 或无 KT)时。
临床试验注册号:NCT03127228 和 HUM00160290。