Labaka Ainitze, Elordi-Guenaga Udane, Zubeldia-Etxeberria Josune, Zinkunegi-Zubizarreta Nagore, Ugartemendia-Yerobi Maider, Pereda-Goikoetxea Beatriz
Department of Nursing II, Faculty of Medicine and Nursing, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), San Sebastián, Gipuzkoa, Spain.
Nurs Health Sci. 2023 Dec 26. doi: 10.1111/nhs.13072.
Gender inequities are present not only in the health status of individuals but also in access to health services. Unplanned hospitalizations can indicate dysfunction in health systems by detecting unmet health problems prior to the health care needs of a person, while planned hospitalizations indicate effective management by the system. Thus, we aim to analyze the association between sex and the probability of unplanned or planned hospitalization for different diseases. A cross-sectional retrospective study was performed with data regarding the 700 447 hospitalizations at all registered centers in the Basque Country from 2016 to 2018. Adjusted odds ratios were carried out to determine the association between sex and admission circumstances for each diagnostic category. Results showed that women had higher odds ratio for unplanned hospitalization for various diseases of the circulatory system and inguinal hernia among others, while men had a higher odds ratio for diseases such as neoplasms, metabolic diseases, and multiple sclerosis. The differences by sex indicate that the odds applied to the circumstance of hospitalization is a sensitive indicator and potentially applicable for detecting diseases likely to generate gender-based inequalities.
性别不平等不仅体现在个体的健康状况上，还体现在获得医疗服务的机会上。非计划住院可以通过在个人医疗需求之前发现未满足的健康问题来表明卫生系统的功能障碍，而计划住院则表明系统的有效管理。因此，我们旨在分析性别与不同疾病的非计划或计划住院概率之间的关联。我们进行了一项横断面回顾性研究，使用了2016年至2018年巴斯克地区所有注册中心700447例住院病例的数据。进行了调整后的比值比分析，以确定每个诊断类别的性别与入院情况之间的关联。结果显示，女性在循环系统各种疾病和腹股沟疝等疾病的非计划住院方面的比值比更高，而男性在肿瘤、代谢疾病和多发性硬化症等疾病方面的比值比更高。性别差异表明，适用于住院情况的比值是一个敏感指标，可能适用于检测可能产生基于性别的不平等的疾病。
