CIIMAR/CIMAR, Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Marinha e Ambiental, Universidade do Porto, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Matosinhos, Portugal.
Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy.
Front Immunol. 2023 Dec 11;14:1266947. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1266947. eCollection 2023.
Recent research has revealed the significant impact of novel feed ingredients on fish gut microbiota, affecting both the immune status and digestive performance. As a result, analyzing the microbiota modulatory capabilities may be a useful method for assessing the potential functionality of novel ingredients. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the effects of dietary polychaete meal (PM) from on the autochthonous and allochthonous gut microbiota of European seabass (). Two diets were compared: a control diet with 25% fishmeal (FM) and a diet replacing 40% of fishmeal with PM, in a 13-week feeding trial with juvenile fish (initial weight of 14.5 ± 1.0 g). The feed, digesta, and mucosa-associated microbial communities in fish intestines were analyzed using high-throughput sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene on the Illumina MiSeq platform. The results of feed microbiota analyses showed that the PM10 feed exhibited a higher microbial diversity than the FM diet. However, these feed-associated microbiota differences were not mirrored in the composition of digesta and mucosal communities. Regardless of the diet, the digesta samples consistently exhibited higher species richness and diversity than the mucosa samples. Overall, digesta samples were characterized by a higher abundance of Firmicutes in PM-fed fish. In contrast, at the gut mucosa level, the relative abundances of , and genera were lower in the group fed the PM10 diet. Significant differences in metabolic pathways were also observed between the FM and PM10 groups in both mucosa and digesta samples. In particular, the mucosal pathways of caffeine metabolism, phenylalanine metabolism, and sulfur relay system were significantly altered by PM inclusion. The same trend was observed in the digesta valine, leucine, and isoleucine degradation and secretion pathways. These findings highlight the potential of PM as an alternative functional ingredient in aquafeeds with microbiota modulatory properties that should be further explored in the future.
最近的研究揭示了新型饲料成分对鱼类肠道微生物群的重大影响，影响了免疫状态和消化性能。因此，分析微生物群落调节能力可能是评估新型成分潜在功能的有用方法。因此，本研究旨在评估来源于 的多毛类动物粉（PM）对欧洲海鲈（）本土和异源肠道微生物群的影响。比较了两种饮食：一种是对照组，其中 25%的饲料是鱼粉（FM），另一种是用 PM 替代 40%鱼粉的饮食，这是一项为期 13 周的幼鱼（初始体重为 14.5±1.0g）喂养试验。使用 Illumina MiSeq 平台对 16S rRNA 基因进行高通量测序，分析了鱼类肠道中的饲料微生物群落、消化物和黏膜相关微生物群落。饲料微生物群落分析结果表明，PM10 饲料的微生物多样性高于 FM 饮食。然而，这些与饲料相关的微生物群落差异并没有反映在消化物和黏膜群落的组成中。无论饮食如何，消化物样本的物种丰富度和多样性始终高于黏膜样本。总的来说，PM 喂养的鱼类消化物样本中厚壁菌门的丰度较高。相比之下，在 PM10 饮食组中，肠道黏膜水平的 、 和 属的相对丰度较低。在黏膜和消化物样本中，还观察到 FM 和 PM10 组之间代谢途径的显著差异。特别是，PM 包含物显著改变了黏膜中咖啡因代谢、苯丙氨酸代谢和硫接力系统等代谢途径。消化物中的缬氨酸、亮氨酸和异亮氨酸降解和分泌途径也存在相同的趋势。这些发现强调了 PM 作为具有微生物群落调节特性的水产饲料中替代功能性成分的潜力，未来应进一步探索。
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