Faculté des sciences infirmières, Pavillon Marguerite-d'Youville, C.P. 6128 succ. Centre-ville, Montréal, Québec, H3C 3J7, Canada.
Faculty Information Systems and Applied Computer Sciences, University of Bamberg, Kapuzinerstraße 16, D-96047, Bamberg, Germany.
Health Policy. 2024 Feb;140:104938. doi: 10.1016/j.healthpol.2023.104938. Epub 2023 Nov 8.
Artificial Intelligence (AI) and its applications in health care are on the agenda of policymakers around the world, but a major challenge remains, namely, to set policies that will ensure wide acceptance and capture the value of AI while mitigating associated risks.
This study aims to provide an overview of how OECD countries strategize about how to integrate AI into health care and to determine their actual level of AI maturity.
A scan of government-based AI strategies and initiatives adopted in 10 proactive OECD countries was conducted. Available documentation was analyzed, using the Broadband Commission for Sustainable Development's roadmap to AI maturity as a conceptual framework.
The findings reveal that most selected OECD countries are at the Emerging stage (Level 2) of AI in health maturity. Despite considerable funding and a variety of approaches to the development of an AI in health supporting ecosystem, only the United Kingdom and United States have reached the highest level of maturity, an integrated and collaborative AI in health ecosystem (Level 3).
Despite policymakers looking for opportunities to expedite efforts related to AI, there is no one-size-fits-all approach to ensure the sustainable development and safe use of AI in health. The principles of equifinality and mindfulness must thus guide policymaking in the development of AI in health care.
人工智能（AI）及其在医疗保健中的应用已成为全球政策制定者的议程，但仍面临一个主要挑战，即制定政策，确保广泛接受并挖掘 AI 的价值，同时减轻相关风险。
本研究旨在概述经合组织国家如何规划将 AI 融入医疗保健的方法，并确定其 AI 成熟度的实际水平。
对 10 个积极的经合组织国家采用的基于政府的 AI 战略和举措进行了扫描。使用宽带委员会 AI 成熟度路线图作为概念框架，对现有文件进行了分析。
研究结果表明，大多数选定的经合组织国家在 AI 健康成熟度的新兴阶段（第 2 级）。尽管有相当多的资金和各种方法来开发支持 AI 的健康生态系统，但只有英国和美国达到了最高水平的成熟度，即集成和协作的 AI 健康生态系统（第 3 级）。
尽管政策制定者正在寻找机会加快与 AI 相关的努力，但在确保 AI 在医疗保健中的可持续发展和安全使用方面，没有一种一刀切的方法。因此，在制定医疗保健中的 AI 政策时，必须遵循等效原则和正念原则。
