Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Applied Sciences, University of Sri Jayewardenepura, Nugegoda 10250, Sri Lanka.
Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Applied Sciences, University of Sri Jayewardenepura, Nugegoda 10250, Sri Lanka.
Biomater Adv. 2024 Feb;157:213753. doi: 10.1016/j.bioadv.2023.213753. Epub 2023 Dec 27.
Nanotechnology has triumphantly overcome several barriers that have formed in modern life. Bacterial infections are a critical public health issue. They emphasized the failure of conventional treatments, high mortality and morbidity rates, antibiotic resistance, and other factors leading to the development of novel and affordable antibacterial medications. In this study, three types of metals (Ag, Cu, and Co) were doped separately into a silanol network in silica nanoparticles. The synthesized monometallic nanohybrids were combined in equal proportions to formulate bi and trimetallic nanohybrids. They were characterized structurally and morphologically. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) and Raman spectroscopy studies were used to investigate the formation of the bonds and the pertinent peak positions. X-ray diffractograms (XRD) validated the crystalline structures of the metal nanohybrids. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopic study (XPS) confirmed the successful addition of metals to the silanol network. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) images were used to characterize the morphology of nanohybrids and demonstrate their dimensions are on the nanoscale. The fraction of each metal doped in the silanol network was determined using energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) and atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS). To assess activity and confirm antibacterial synergy, the antibacterial activity of all synthesized nanohybrids was examined. The minimum inhibitory concentration-MIC (Ranged from 12.25 to 1560.00 μg/mL), minimum bactericidal concentration-MBC (Ranged from 197.00 to 3125.00 μg/mL), IC values (Ranged from 30.56 to 1683.00 μg/mL-) and fractional inhibitory concentration index (FICI) were determined and compared. Well diffusion assay was conducted against both ATCC cultures and clinical samples of gram-positive bacteria; Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 25923), Streptococcus pneumoniae (ATCC 49619), MRSA (ATCC 33591) and gram-negative bacteria; Escherichia coli (ATCC 25922), Klebsiella pneumoniae (ATCC BAA 1706) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (ATCC 27853). The highest synergistic radical scavenging performance of trimetallic nanohybrid (90.67 ± 0.095 %) was established by the DPPH (2,2 diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazil) experiment. Finally, when compared to monometallic nanohybrids, it was demonstrated that the synthesized multimetallic nanohybrids have a substantial potential as an emerging and cost-effective antibacterial agent.
纳米技术成功克服了现代生活中出现的多种障碍。细菌感染是一个严重的公共卫生问题。它们强调了传统治疗方法的失败、高死亡率和发病率、抗生素耐药性以及导致新型和负担得起的抗菌药物开发的其他因素。在这项研究中，三种金属（Ag、Cu 和 Co）分别被掺杂到二氧化硅纳米粒子的硅醇网络中。合成的单金属纳米杂化物以相等的比例结合，以配制双金属和三金属纳米杂化物。它们在结构和形态上进行了表征。傅里叶变换红外（FTIR）和拉曼光谱研究用于研究键的形成和相关峰位置。X 射线衍射图（XRD）验证了金属纳米杂化物的晶体结构。X 射线光电子能谱研究（XPS）证实了金属成功添加到硅醇网络中。扫描电子显微镜（SEM）和透射电子显微镜（TEM）图像用于表征纳米杂化物的形态，并证明其尺寸在纳米范围内。通过能量色散光谱（EDS）和原子吸收光谱（AAS）确定掺杂在硅醇网络中的每种金属的分数。为了评估活性并确认抗菌协同作用，测试了所有合成纳米杂化物的抗菌活性。最小抑菌浓度-MIC（范围为 12.25 至 1560.00 μg/mL）、最小杀菌浓度-MBC（范围为 197.00 至 3125.00 μg/mL）、IC 值（范围为 30.56 至 1683.00 μg/mL-）和分数抑菌浓度指数（FICI）确定并进行了比较。进行了琼脂扩散试验，针对 ATCC 培养物和革兰氏阳性菌的临床样本；金黄色葡萄球菌（ATCC 25923）、肺炎链球菌（ATCC 49619）、MRSA（ATCC 33591）和革兰氏阴性菌；大肠杆菌（ATCC 25922）、肺炎克雷伯菌（ATCC BAA 1706）和铜绿假单胞菌（ATCC 27853）。通过 DPPH（2,2-二苯基-1-苦基肼）实验，确定三金属纳米杂化物具有最高的协同自由基清除性能（90.67±0.095%）。最后，与单金属纳米杂化物相比，证明合成的多金属纳米杂化物具有作为新兴和具有成本效益的抗菌剂的巨大潜力。
