Chan Randolph C H, Suen Yiu Tung, Leung Janice Sin Yu
Department of Social Work, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong.
Gender Studies Programme, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong.
Fam Process. 2024 Jun;63(2):1046-1067. doi: 10.1111/famp.12958. Epub 2024 Jan 3.
Emerging research has demonstrated that transgender and non-binary (TNB) individuals face an elevated risk of experiencing family rejection and violence. However, there remains a significant knowledge gap regarding how TNB individuals manage stressors and their gender identity within the family context, particularly in regions where TNB individuals are highly stigmatized and where legal protections against family violence are lacking. The present study represents one of the first pioneering efforts to provide large-scale quantitative data examining the experiences of family stressors, the management of gender identity and expression, and family violence among TNB individuals in China. A national sample of 1063 TNB individuals in China was involved in the study. They completed questionnaires about their experiences of family stressors and violence. The results indicated that 76.0% of TNB individuals reported having encountered at least one form of violence perpetrated by their family members. Transfeminine individuals were more likely to report experiencing emotional and physical abuse, whereas transmasculine individuals were more likely to be subjected to gender identity and/or expression change efforts. Family stressors, including family non-acceptance and the pressure to marry and reproduce, were positively associated with non-disclosure of gender identity, the suppression of gender expression, and family violence. The findings underscore the substantial burden of family violence borne by TNB individuals in China, which warrants immediate legal, institutional, and social responses. Trans-inclusive family violence prevention and intervention are urgently needed, with a focus on Chinese cultural factors and gender identity differences in violence screening and risk assessment.
新兴研究表明，跨性别者和非二元性别者（TNB）面临着家庭排斥和暴力风险升高的情况。然而，关于TNB个体如何在家庭环境中应对压力源及其性别认同，尤其是在TNB个体受到高度污名化且缺乏针对家庭暴力的法律保护的地区，仍然存在重大的知识空白。本研究是首批开创性努力之一，旨在提供大规模定量数据，以考察中国TNB个体的家庭压力源经历、性别认同和表达的管理以及家庭暴力情况。中国1063名TNB个体的全国性样本参与了该研究。他们完成了关于家庭压力源和暴力经历的问卷。结果表明，76.0%的TNB个体报告称曾遭遇至少一种来自家庭成员的暴力形式。跨性别女性个体更有可能报告遭受情感和身体虐待，而跨性别男性个体更有可能遭受改变性别认同和/或表达的压力。家庭压力源，包括家庭不接纳以及结婚和生育的压力，与隐瞒性别认同、压抑性别表达以及家庭暴力呈正相关。研究结果强调了中国TNB个体所承受的家庭暴力的沉重负担，这需要立即采取法律、制度和社会层面的应对措施。迫切需要开展包容跨性别者的家庭暴力预防和干预工作，重点关注中国文化因素以及暴力筛查和风险评估中的性别认同差异。
