Madden Kate, Mayes Sue, Cook Jill, Ferrar Katia
La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC, Australia.
The Australian Ballet, Southbank, VIC, Australia.
J Dance Med Sci. 2024 Mar;28(1):57-71. doi: 10.1177/1089313X231218305. Epub 2024 Jan 4.
Dancing en pointe requires ballet dancers to stand on the tips of their toes while wearing a structured pointe shoe. Understanding the effect of pointe shoes on ballet dancers' biomechanics, function, symptoms and skin health is essential to guide shoe development and ultimately improve dancer performance. Therefore, the purpose of this scoping review was to map the evidence and identify knowledge gaps related to the effect of wearing pointe shoes on professional and recreational ballet dancers. A scoping review was conducted by searching 6 electronic databases and the International Association for Dance Medicine and Science Bibliography. Thirty-five studies were grouped into 5 categories: pointe shoe factors (eg, toe box and shank, pointe shoe status; 9 studies), shoe types (eg, flat shoes vs demi pointe vs pointe; 10 studies), ballet movements (11 studies), symptoms (5 studies), and intrinsic dancer factors (eg, foot type/toe length; 7 studies). Studies were published between 1979 and 2023, with 72% (n = 23) published between 2006 and 2020. Most (86%) of the studies were cross-sectional. Most studies explored biomechanical outcomes and the most common data collection device was force plates (19 studies). Overall, there was an insufficient volume of evidence for specific research aims. Significant gaps in knowledge exist regarding functional and performance-based outcomes, injury outcomes including exploration of factors such as shoe age/usage, and pointe shoe treatment factors. Currently the field of research suffers from threats to ecological validity, with many study methods not reflecting ballet-specific demands or environments. The impact of pointe shoes on ballet dancers is a developing research area, and this scoping review can help guide future research decisions. Studies need to target the knowledge gaps and employ rigorous ecologically valid study designs and ensure that findings inform shoe design and dancer education to minimize injury and maximize comfort and performance.
足尖舞要求芭蕾舞演员穿着特制的足尖鞋用脚尖站立。了解足尖鞋对芭蕾舞演员生物力学、功能、症状及皮肤健康的影响，对于指导鞋类研发并最终提升舞者表现至关重要。因此，本范围综述的目的是梳理与穿着足尖鞋对专业和业余芭蕾舞演员影响相关的证据，并找出知识空白。通过检索6个电子数据库以及国际舞蹈医学与科学协会文献目录进行了一项范围综述。35项研究分为5类：足尖鞋因素（如鞋头盒和鞋身、足尖鞋状态；9项研究）、鞋类类型（如平底鞋与半足尖鞋与足尖鞋；10项研究）、芭蕾舞动作（11项研究）、症状（5项研究）以及舞者内在因素（如脚型/脚趾长度；7项研究）。研究发表于1979年至2023年之间，其中72%（n = 23）发表于2006年至2020年之间。大多数（86%）研究为横断面研究。大多数研究探讨了生物力学结果，最常用的数据收集设备是测力板（19项研究）。总体而言，针对特定研究目的的证据数量不足。在基于功能和表现的结果、包括对鞋龄/使用情况等因素探索的损伤结果以及足尖鞋治疗因素方面，存在重大知识空白。目前该研究领域存在生态效度方面的问题，许多研究方法未反映芭蕾舞的特定要求或环境。足尖鞋对芭蕾舞演员的影响是一个不断发展的研究领域，本范围综述有助于指导未来的研究决策。研究需要针对知识空白，采用严谨的具有生态效度的研究设计，并确保研究结果能为鞋类设计和舞者教育提供参考，以尽量减少损伤并最大限度提高舒适度和表现。
