经常使用 kratom 的人对“典型”早晨剂量 kratom 的反应：一项直接观察研究。
Responses to a "Typical" Morning Dose of Kratom in People Who Use Kratom Regularly: A Direct-Observation Study.
机构信息
From the Real-World Assessment, Prediction, and Treatment Unit, National Institute on Drug Abuse Intramural Research Program, Baltimore, MD (KES, JDF, DHE); San Diego State University/University of California San Diego Joint Doctoral Program in Clinical Psychology, San Diego, CA (JMR); Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL (AS, MAK, KSRR); Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL (CRMC, SM); Translational Addiction Medicine Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse Intramural Research Program, Baltimore, MD (STW, RCT); and Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD (KES, KED).
出版信息
J Addict Med. 2024;18(2):144-152. doi: 10.1097/ADM.0000000000001259. Epub 2024 Jan 3.
INTRODUCTION
Use of kratom has outpaced systematic study of its effects, with most studies reliant on retrospective self-report.
METHODS
We aimed to assess acute effects following kratom use in adults who use regularly, and quantify alkaloids in the products, urine, and plasma. Between July and November 2022, 10 adults came to our clinic and orally self-administered their typical kratom dose; blinding procedures were not used. Physiological measures included blood pressure, respiratory rate, heart rate, pulse oximetry, temperature, and pupil diameter. Subjective outcomes included Subjective Opioid Withdrawal Scale, Addiction Research Center Inventory, and Drug Effects Questionnaire. Psychomotor performance was also assessed.
RESULTS
Participants were 6 men and 4 women, mean age 41.2 years. Nine were non-Hispanic White; 1 was biracial. They had used kratom for 6.6 years (SD, 3.8 years) on average (2.0-14.1). Sessions were 190.89 minutes on average (SD, 15.10 minutes). Mean session dose was 5.16 g (median, 4.38 g; range, 1.1-10.9 g) leaf powder. Relative to baseline, physiological changes were minor. However, pupil diameter decreased (right, b = -0.70, P < 0.01; left, b = -0.73, P < 0.01) 40-80 minutes postdose and remained below baseline >160 minutes. Subjective Opioid Withdrawal Scale pre-dosing was mild (5.5 ± 3.3) and decreased postdose (b = [-4.0, -2.9], P < 0.01). Drug Effects Questionnaire "feeling effects" increased to 40/100 (SD, 30.5) within 40 minutes and remained above baseline 80 to 120 minutes (b = 19.0, P = 0.04), peaking at 72.7/100; 6 participants rated euphoria as mild on the Addiction Research Center Inventory Morphine-Benzedrine-scale. Psychomotor performance did not reliably improve or deteriorate postdosing.
CONCLUSIONS
Among regular consumers, we found few clinically significant differences pre- and post-kratom dosing. Alkaloidal contents in products were within expected ranges.
简介
使用卡痛叶的速度超过了对其影响的系统研究，大多数研究依赖于回顾性自我报告。
方法
我们旨在评估定期使用卡痛叶的成年人使用卡痛叶后的急性影响，并定量分析产品、尿液和血浆中的生物碱。2022 年 7 月至 11 月期间，10 名成年人来到我们的诊所，口服他们典型的卡痛叶剂量；没有使用盲法程序。生理测量包括血压、呼吸频率、心率、脉搏血氧饱和度、体温和瞳孔直径。主观结果包括主观阿片类药物戒断量表、成瘾研究中心库存和药物效应问卷。还评估了精神运动表现。
结果
参与者为 6 名男性和 4 名女性，平均年龄为 41.2 岁。9 人为非西班牙裔白人；1 人为混血。他们平均使用卡痛叶 6.6 年（标准差，3.8 年）（2.0-14.1 年）。每次疗程的平均时间为 190.89 分钟（标准差，15.10 分钟）。平均疗程剂量为 5.16 克（中位数，4.38 克；范围，1.1-10.9 克）叶粉。与基线相比，生理变化较小。然而，瞳孔直径在给药后 40-80 分钟（右，b=-0.70，P<0.01；左，b=-0.73，P<0.01）减小，并且在 160 分钟以上仍低于基线。给药前主观阿片类药物戒断量表的评分为轻度（5.5±3.3），给药后降低（b=[-4.0，-2.9]，P<0.01）。药物效应问卷“感觉效应”在 40 分钟内增加到 40/100（标准差，30.5），并在 80-120 分钟内保持在基线以上（b=19.0，P=0.04），在 72.7/100 时达到峰值；6 名参与者在成瘾研究中心库存吗啡苯丙胺量表上对欣快感的评分为轻度。给药后精神运动表现没有可靠地改善或恶化。
结论
在定期使用者中，我们发现卡痛叶给药前后几乎没有临床显著差异。产品中的生物碱含量在预期范围内。
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