Kim Jeong-Hun, Kim Maeng-Ki, Kim Seong-Joong, Kim Joo-Hong, Yeh Sang-Wook, Lee Sang-Hyun, Lee Youngseok
Department of Atmospheric Sciences, Kongju National University, Gongju 32588, Republic of Korea; Division of Atmospheric Sciences, Korea Polar Research Institute, Incheon 21990, Republic of Korea; Earth Environment Research Center, Kongju National University, Gongju 32588, Republic of Korea.
Department of Atmospheric Sciences, Kongju National University, Gongju 32588, Republic of Korea; Particle Pollution Research and Management Center, Gongju 32588, Republic of Korea.
Sci Total Environ. 2024 Mar 1;914:169714. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.169714. Epub 2024 Jan 3.
Severe PM (particulate matter with a diameter of <10 μm) events in South Korea are known to be caused by stable atmospheric circulation conditions related to high-pressure anomalies in the upper troposphere. However, research on why these atmospheric circulation patterns occur is unknown. In this study, we propose new large-scale teleconnection pathways that cause severe PM events during the midwinter in South Korea. This study investigated instances of extremely high (EH)-PM in South Korea during mid-winter and examined the corresponding atmospheric teleconnection patterns to identify the factors contributing to EH-PM events. K-means clustering analysis revealed that EH-PM instances were associated with two large-scale teleconnection patterns. Cluster 1 exhibited a wave train pattern originating in the North Atlantic that developed from Eurasia to the Korean Peninsula. Cluster 2 was associated with a wave-like teleconnection pattern from the Barents-Kara Sea to the Korean Peninsula. The Rossby waves, triggered by the North Atlantic and the Arctic, propagated and weakened the surface pressure system. This led to a high-pressure anomaly over the Korean Peninsula, reducing atmospheric ventilation and causing a rapid increase in PM concentration within a few days. Furthermore, an experiment involving a linear baroclinic model established that atmospheric forcing in upstream regions has the potential to induce large-scale atmospheric teleconnection patterns, resulting in EH-PM cases in South Korea. These findings emphasize the ventilation effect and transport of PM concentrations modulated by two large-scale teleconnection patterns originating from the Arctic and North Atlantic, leading to EH-PM events in South Korea. Understanding this combined phenomenon may assist in the implementation of emission reduction measures based on the results of short-term forecasts of severe PM events.
韩国的严重细颗粒物（直径小于10微米的颗粒物）事件据信是由与对流层上部高压异常相关的稳定大气环流条件引起的。然而，关于这些大气环流模式为何出现的研究尚不清楚。在本研究中，我们提出了导致韩国冬季中期出现严重细颗粒物事件的新的大尺度遥相关路径。本研究调查了韩国冬季中期极高细颗粒物的情况，并研究了相应的大气遥相关模式，以确定导致极高细颗粒物事件的因素。K均值聚类分析表明，极高细颗粒物情况与两种大尺度遥相关模式有关。聚类1呈现出一种起源于北大西洋的波列模式，从欧亚大陆发展到朝鲜半岛。聚类2与从巴伦支海-喀拉海到朝鲜半岛的波浪状遥相关模式有关。由北大西洋和北极引发的罗斯贝波传播并削弱了地面压力系统。这导致朝鲜半岛上空出现高压异常，减少了大气通风，并在几天内导致细颗粒物浓度迅速上升。此外，一项涉及线性斜压模式的实验表明，上游地区的大气强迫有可能诱发大尺度大气遥相关模式，导致韩国出现极高细颗粒物情况。这些发现强调了由源自北极和北大西洋的两种大尺度遥相关模式调节的通风效应和细颗粒物浓度输送，导致了韩国的极高细颗粒物事件。了解这种综合现象可能有助于根据严重细颗粒物事件的短期预报结果实施减排措施。
