Department of Internal Medicine, HCA Healthcare Las Palmas/Del Sol Internal Medicine Program, El Paso, Texasc, USA.
Infect Disord Drug Targets. 2024;24(4):53-57. doi: 10.2174/0118715265255809231107100450.
Background: Infections caused by anaerobic bacteria occur frequently and can be serious and life-threatening. Anaerobes are a rare cause of community-acquired pneumonia with Streptococcus pneumonia and respiratory viruses being the most frequently detected pathogens. We, herein, report a case of parapneumonic effusion with empyema in a patient without risk factors for aspiration pneumonia. This case presents an opportunity to discuss an unusual case of community-acquired empyema secondary to anaerobic infection in a patient without the common risk factors for aspiration.
Case Presentation: A 59-year-old male patient without significant past medical history apart from a twenty-five-year history of smoking presented due to left flank pain and shortness of breath. Findings of a complicated parapneumonic effusion were found on imaging, resulting in surgical decortication and prolonged antibiotic therapy.
Discussion: Parapneumonic effusions and empyema are relatively common complications of pneumonia. It is important to note that the incidence of anaerobic empyema has been on the rise due to more modern culturing techniques.
Conclusion: This case highlights an unusual presentation of community-acquired empyema secondary to anaerobes without any risk factors for aspiration pneumonia. Therefore, clinicians should consider the possibility of anaerobic coverage in the treatment of community-acquired empyema in the appropriate setting.
.由厌氧菌引起的感染很常见，且可能很严重并危及生命。厌氧菌是社区获得性肺炎的罕见病因，最常检测到的病原体是肺炎链球菌和呼吸道病毒。在此，我们报告一例无吸入性肺炎危险因素的患者发生肺炎旁胸腔积液伴脓胸。本病例为无常见吸入危险因素的患者继发于厌氧菌感染的社区获得性脓胸的不常见病例提供了讨论机会。
一名 59 岁男性，除了有 25 年的吸烟史外，无其他重大既往病史，因左侧腰痛和呼吸急促就诊。影像学检查发现复杂性肺炎旁胸腔积液，导致行外科清创术和延长抗生素治疗。
肺炎旁胸腔积液和脓胸是肺炎的常见并发症。值得注意的是，由于更现代的培养技术，厌氧性脓胸的发病率一直在上升。
本病例突出了无吸入性肺炎危险因素的社区获得性脓胸继发于厌氧菌的不常见表现。因此，临床医生应在适当的情况下考虑在治疗社区获得性脓胸时加入针对厌氧菌的治疗。
