State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, PR China; School of Life Sciences, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, PR China.
Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, PR China.
Ecotoxicol Environ Saf. 2024 Jan 15;270:115833. doi: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2023.115833. Epub 2024 Jan 4.
Elaborating on the fate tendency of thifluzamide (thiazole-amide fungicide) in buckwheat based on nationwide application is vital for grain security and human health based on nationwide application. A rapid and sensitive analytical method was developed to trace thifluzamide in buckwheat matrices using an ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography-tandem triple quadrupole mass spectrometer (UHPLC-MS/MS), with a retention time of 2.90 min and limit of quantitation (LOQ) of 0.001 mg/kg. Thifluzamide could be stably stored for 84 d in buckwheat matrices under -20 °C under dark condition. The occurrence, dissipation and terminal magnitudes of thifluzamide were reflected by the primary deposition of 0.02-0.55 mg/kg, half-lives of 12-14 d, and highest residues of 0.41 mg/kg. The long-term risks (ADI%) of thifluzamide were 37.268 %-131.658 % in registered crops, and the risks for the rural population were significantly higher than those of the urban population. The unacceptable dietary risks of thifluzamide should be continuously emphasized for children aged 2-7 with an ADI% values of 100.750 %-131.658 %. A probabilistic model was further introduced to evaluate the risk discrepancy of thifluzamide in buckwheat, showing the risks in Tartary buckwheat (Fagopyrum tararicum Gaerth) were 1.5-75.4 times than that in sweet buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum Moench). Despite the low risks for dietary buckwheat, the high-potential health hazards of thifluzamide should be pay more attention given the increasing applications and cumulative effects.
基于全国范围内的应用，详细阐述噻氟菌胺（噻唑酰胺类杀菌剂）在荞麦中的命运趋势，对于粮食安全和人类健康至关重要。本研究采用超高效液相色谱-串联三重四极杆质谱（UHPLC-MS/MS）建立了荞麦基质中噻氟菌胺的快速、灵敏分析方法，其保留时间为 2.90 min，定量限（LOQ）为 0.001 mg/kg。噻氟菌胺在-20°C黑暗条件下可在荞麦基质中稳定保存 84 d。通过 0.02-0.55 mg/kg 的初始沉积、12-14 d 的半衰期和 0.41 mg/kg 的最高残留量，反映了噻氟菌胺的发生、消解和最终残留情况。在登记作物中，噻氟菌胺的长期风险（ADI%）为 37.268%-131.658%，农村人口的风险明显高于城市人口。对于 ADI%值为 100.750%-131.658%的 2-7 岁儿童，应持续强调噻氟菌胺的不可接受的膳食风险。进一步引入概率模型来评估荞麦中噻氟菌胺的风险差异，表明苦荞麦（Fagopyrum tararicum Gaerth）的风险是甜荞麦（Fagopyrum esculentum Moench）的 1.5-75.4 倍。尽管食用荞麦的风险较低，但鉴于噻氟菌胺的应用不断增加和累积效应，其高潜在健康危害仍应引起重视。
