Assessing the efficacy of platelet-function testing in predicting postoperative thromboembolic complications of neuroendovascular surgery: A systematic review and meta-analysis (part 1).

BACKGROUND

Despite the heavily debated use of routine platelet-function testing, the VerifyNow Platelet Reactivity Unit (PRU) assay has been increasingly adopted as standard of care for assessing risk of postoperative thromboembolic complications of neuroendovascular surgery.

OBJECTIVE

We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to examine the relationship between platelet response and risk of ischemic events from neuroendovascular surgery, assess the efficacy of point-of-care platelet-function testing in predicting thromboembolic outcomes, and assess whether a clinically useful threshold for platelet response can be defined in order to standardize guidelines.

METHODS

PubMed, Embase, and Scopus were searched. Following deduplication, articles were first screened for relevance by title and abstract, followed by full text.

RESULTS

Of 735 resultant articles, 22 studies consisting of 3266 patients undergoing neuroendovascular intervention were included. Diagnoses included both intracranial and extracranial pathologies, of which 45.8% were treated with flow diversion, 16.4% with stent-assisted coil embolization, 15.8% with intracranial stenting, 12.0% with simple coil embolization, 3.4% with balloon-assisted coil embolization, 3.6% with extracranial stenting, and 3.0% with an alternate method. 54.5% (12/22) of studies determined platelet hyporesponse to be an independent predictor of postoperative thromboembolic complications, with 27.3% (6/22) of studies reporting a similar, but non-statistically significant trend. 18.2% (4/22) of studies found no relationship between platelet response and postoperative thromboembolic complications. The estimated clinical threshold for PRU to prevent thromboembolic complications varied greatly across studies (Range: > 144-295 PRU). Meta-analysis found platelet hyporesponse to have a 2.23-fold increased risk of thromboembolic complications compared to normoresponders (RR = 2.23, P = 0.03).

CONCLUSION

While PRU demonstrates a significant predictive value for postoperative thromboembolic complications of neuroendovascular surgery, the target therapeutic threshold for minimizing ischemic events remains unclear. Further studies, such as large multicenter cohorts of the existing data, are needed to standardize guidelines.