Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Ataturk University, 25240, Erzurum, Turkey.
Faculty of Science, Department of Biology, Ataturk University, 25240, Erzurum, Turkey.
Protoplasma. 2024 May;261(3):581-592. doi: 10.1007/s00709-023-01924-9. Epub 2024 Jan 8.
Overdoses of pesticides lead to a decrease in the yield and quality of plants, such as beans. The unconscious use of deltamethrin, one of the synthetic insecticides, increases the amount of reactive oxygen species (ROS) by causing oxidative stress in plants. In this case, plants tolerate stress by activating the antioxidant defense mechanism and many genes. 5-Aminolevulinic acid (ALA) improves tolerance to stress by acting exogenously in low doses. There are many gene families that are effective in the regulation of this mechanism. In addition, one of the response mechanisms at the molecular level against environmental stressors in plants is retrotransposon movement. In this study, the expression levels of superoxide dismutase (SOD), ascorbate peroxidase (APX), catalase (CAT), glutathione reductase (GR), and stress-associated protein (SAP) genes were determined by Q-PCR in deltamethrin (0.5 ppm) and various doses (20, 40, and 80 mg/l) of ALA-treated bean seedlings. In addition, one of the response mechanisms at the molecular level against environmental stressors in plants is retrotransposon movement. It was determined that deltamethrin increased the expression of SOD (1.8-fold), GPX (1.4-fold), CAT (2.7-fold), and SAP (2.5-fold) genes, while 20 and 40 mg/l ALA gradually increased the expression of these genes at levels close to control, but 80 mg/l ALA increased the expression of these genes almost to the same level as deltamethrin (2.1-fold, 1.4-fold, 2.6-fold, and 2.6-fold in SOD, GPX, CAT, and SAP genes, respectively). In addition, retrotransposon-microsatellite amplified polymorphism (REMAP) was performed to determine the polymorphism caused by retrotransposon movements. While deltamethrin treatment has caused a decrease in genomic template stability (GTS) (27%), ALA treatments have prevented this decline. At doses of 20, 40, and 80 mg/L of ALA treatments, the GTS ratios were determined to be 96.8%, 74.6%, and 58.7%, respectively. Collectively, these findings demonstrated that ALA has the utility of alleviating pesticide stress effects on beans.
过量使用农药会导致豆类等植物的产量和质量下降。拟除虫菊酯是一种合成杀虫剂，它会导致植物氧化应激，从而增加活性氧（ROS）的含量。在这种情况下，植物通过激活抗氧化防御机制和许多基因来耐受应激。5-氨基乙酰丙酸（ALA）以低剂量外源作用来提高对胁迫的耐受性。有许多基因家族在该机制的调控中是有效的。此外，植物对环境胁迫的分子水平响应机制之一是逆转座子运动。在这项研究中，通过 Q-PCR 测定了拟除虫菊酯（0.5 ppm）和不同剂量（20、40 和 80 mg/l）ALA 处理的菜豆幼苗中超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）、抗坏血酸过氧化物酶（APX）、过氧化氢酶（CAT）、谷胱甘肽还原酶（GR）和应激相关蛋白（SAP）基因的表达水平。此外，植物对环境胁迫的分子水平响应机制之一是逆转座子运动。结果表明，拟除虫菊酯使 SOD（1.8 倍）、GPX（1.4 倍）、CAT（2.7 倍）和 SAP（2.5 倍）基因的表达增加，而 20 和 40 mg/l ALA 逐渐使这些基因的表达接近对照水平，但 80 mg/l ALA 使这些基因的表达几乎与拟除虫菊酯相同（SOD、GPX、CAT 和 SAP 基因的表达分别增加了 2.1 倍、1.4 倍、2.6 倍和 2.6 倍）。此外，还进行了逆转座子-微卫星扩增多态性（REMAP）以确定逆转座子运动引起的多态性。虽然拟除虫菊酯处理导致基因组模板稳定性（GTS）下降（27%），但 ALA 处理阻止了这种下降。在 20、40 和 80 mg/L 的 ALA 处理剂量下，GTS 比值分别确定为 96.8%、74.6%和 58.7%。总的来说，这些发现表明 ALA 具有缓解豆类农药胁迫的作用。
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