Quantification of polyprenyl diphosphates in Escherichia coli cells using high-performance liquid chromatography.

Dephosphorylation of undecaprenyl diphosphate is a crucial step in the synthesis of undecaprenyl phosphate, which is essential for cell wall synthesis. We have developed a method for the quantification of intracellular polyprenyl diphosphates, which have never before been measured directly. Polyprenyl phosphates and diphosphates prepared by chemical phosphorylation of polyprenols from Staphylococcus aureus were used to establish the conditions for fractionation by ion-exchange chromatography and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). By using an elution solvent containing tetraethylammonium phosphate as an ion-pair reagent for HPLC, polyprenyl phosphate and polyprenyl diphosphate with carbon numbers from 40 to 55 could be detected as separate peaks from the reversed-phase column. This analytical method was applied to lipids extracted from Escherichia coli to determine the intracellular levels of octaprenyl phosphate, undecaprenyl phosphate, octaprenyl diphosphate, and undecaprenyl diphosphate. This is the first report of separate measurement of cellular levels of polyprenyl phosphates and polyprenyl diphosphates.