Department of Geriatrics, Halle University Hospital, Halle (Saale), Germany.
Department of Neurology, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany.
Front Public Health. 2023 Dec 15;11:1284350. doi: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1284350. eCollection 2023.
With demographic changes, prioritizing effective care for geriatric patients to maintain functionality, independence, and quality of life is crucial. Well-developed self-management or self-care abilities, which can be maintained and improved through interventions, are of the utmost importance. To implement these interventions tailored and effectively, a thorough assessment of the individual's self-management and self-care abilities is required.
This scoping review aimed to identify self-management and self-care instruments suitable for geriatric patients, their underlying theories and definitions of self-management and self-care, and their similarities and differences in item content.
A systematic search of the PubMed and CINAHL databases was conducted to identify retrievable full-text articles published in English in the medical and nursing fields since the 1970s, which were validated on a sample with an average age of at least 70 years, used generic rather than disease-specific items, and addressed the broad range of self-management and self-care abilities.
Of the 20 included articles, six instruments were identified that were based on different theories and offered varying definitions of self-management or self-care. Despite these differences, all emphasize empowered individuals taking an active role in their care. Most address actual behavior and abilities referring to lifestyle factors and (anticipated) adjustment behavior. However, crucial aspects, such as psychological factors, (instrumental) activities of daily living, and social environment are not fully addressed in these instruments, nor are the types of execution to which the items refer, such as wants, feelings, confidence, or attitudes.
To fully understand how geriatric patients implement daily self-management or self-care, a combination of instruments covering the important factors of self-management and self-care and addressing multiple types of item execution, such as behaviors, abilities, wants, or attitudes, is recommended. This review provides the first comprehensive overview of self-management and self-care instruments suitable for geriatric patients.
随着人口结构的变化，优先为老年患者提供有效的护理以维持其功能、独立性和生活质量至关重要。通过干预措施可以很好地培养和提升自我管理或自我护理能力，这一点至关重要。为了有针对性且有效地实施这些干预措施，需要对个体的自我管理和自我护理能力进行全面评估。
本范围综述旨在确定适用于老年患者的自我管理和自我护理工具，以及这些工具所基于的理论和自我管理/自我护理的定义，并比较它们在项目内容上的异同。
系统检索了 1970 年代以来在医学和护理领域发表的、可获取全文的英文文章，这些文章在平均年龄至少为 70 岁的样本上进行了验证，使用的是通用而非特定疾病的项目，并涵盖了广泛的自我管理和自我护理能力。
在纳入的 20 篇文章中，确定了 6 种基于不同理论并提供不同自我管理或自我护理定义的工具。尽管存在这些差异，但所有工具都强调授权个体在其护理中发挥积极作用。大多数工具都涉及与生活方式因素和（预期）调整行为相关的实际行为和能力。然而，这些工具并未充分涵盖心理因素、（工具性）日常生活活动和社会环境等关键方面，也未涵盖项目所指的执行类型，如意愿、感受、信心或态度。
为了全面了解老年患者如何实施日常自我管理或自我护理，建议结合涵盖自我管理和自我护理重要因素且涉及多种项目执行类型（如行为、能力、意愿或态度）的工具。本综述提供了适用于老年患者的自我管理和自我护理工具的首个全面概述。
