Paul-Flechsig-Institute of Neuropathology, University Clinic Leipzig, Leipzig 04103, Germany.
Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria y Biomédica de Alicante (ISABIAL), Alicante 03010, Spain.
Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol. 2024 Jun 3;16(6):a041363. doi: 10.1101/cshperspect.a041363.
Peripheral nerves exist in a stable state in adulthood providing a rapid bidirectional signaling system to control tissue structure and function. However, following injury, peripheral nerves can regenerate much more effectively than those of the central nervous system (CNS). This multicellular process is coordinated by peripheral glia, in particular Schwann cells, which have multiple roles in stimulating and nurturing the regrowth of damaged axons back to their targets. Aside from the repair of damaged nerves themselves, nerve regenerative processes have been linked to the repair of other tissues and de novo innervation appears important in establishing an environment conducive for the development and spread of tumors. In contrast, defects in these processes are linked to neuropathies, aging, and pain. In this review, we focus on the role of peripheral glia, especially Schwann cells, in multiple aspects of nerve regeneration and discuss how these findings may be relevant for pathologies associated with these processes.
在成年期，周围神经处于稳定状态，提供了一个快速的双向信号系统来控制组织结构和功能。然而，在损伤后，周围神经的再生能力比中枢神经系统（CNS）的神经再生能力强得多。这个多细胞过程由周围神经胶质细胞协调，特别是施万细胞，它们在刺激和滋养受损轴突向其靶标再生方面具有多种作用。除了修复受损的神经本身外，神经再生过程还与其他组织的修复有关，新的神经支配似乎对建立有利于肿瘤发展和扩散的环境很重要。相比之下，这些过程的缺陷与神经病变、衰老和疼痛有关。在这篇综述中，我们重点关注周围神经胶质细胞，特别是施万细胞，在神经再生的多个方面的作用，并讨论这些发现如何与与这些过程相关的病理相关。
