Franklin R J, Barnett S C
MRC Cambridge Centre for Brain Repair and Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, United Kingdom.
J Neurosci Res. 1997 Dec 1;50(5):665-72. doi: 10.1002/(SICI)1097-4547(19971201)50:5<665::AID-JNR4>3.0.CO;2-F.
To a large extent the success of axon regeneration and sustained remyelination which distinguishes the PNS from the CNS is attributable to differences in their respective glial environments. For this reason, many have been attracted to the idea that repair of the CNS might be achieved by transplanting Schwann cells into areas of CNS pathology. Schwann cells will not only promote regeneration but will also myelinate axons thereby making them an appropriate cell type to mediate repair of lesions characterised by demyelination as well as axotomy. The recent discovery that olfactory glia are capable of forming myelin sheaths, together with their well-documented ability to support axon regeneration, means that these cells have a range of repair properties similar to that of Schwann cells. It is not clear at present which of these two alternatives, the Schwann cells or the olfactory glial cell, would be of greater benefit for achieving regeneration of axons or remyelination of persistent demyelination following transplantation into the CNS. In this article we review the repair properties of olfactory glia and identify the areas in which their use for repairing the CNS may have advantages over Schwann cells.
在很大程度上，轴突再生和持续髓鞘再生的成功使周围神经系统（PNS）有别于中枢神经系统（CNS），这归因于它们各自神经胶质环境的差异。因此，许多人被这样一种想法所吸引，即通过将施万细胞移植到中枢神经系统病变区域来实现中枢神经系统的修复。施万细胞不仅会促进再生，还会使轴突形成髓鞘，从而使其成为介导以脱髓鞘和轴突切断为特征的病变修复的合适细胞类型。最近发现嗅神经胶质细胞能够形成髓鞘，再加上它们支持轴突再生的能力已得到充分证明，这意味着这些细胞具有一系列与施万细胞相似的修复特性。目前尚不清楚，在移植到中枢神经系统后，这两种细胞（施万细胞或嗅神经胶质细胞）哪一种对实现轴突再生或持续性脱髓鞘的髓鞘再生更有益。在本文中，我们综述了嗅神经胶质细胞的修复特性，并确定了将其用于修复中枢神经系统可能比施万细胞更具优势的领域。
