A self-adaptive attraction and repulsion-based naked mole-rat algorithm for energy-efficient mobile wireless sensor networks.

Naked mole-rat algorithm (NMRA) is a swarm intelligence-based algorithm that draws inspiration from the mating behaviour of mole rats (workers and breeders). This approach, which is based on the ability of breeders to reproduce with the queen, has been utilized to tackle optimization problems. The algorithm, however, suffers from local optima stagnation problem and a slower rate of convergence in order to provide gobal optimal solution. This study suggests attraction and repulsion strategy based NMRA (ARNMRA) along with self-adaptive properties to avoid trapping of solution in local optima. This strategy is utilized to create new breeder rat solutions and mating factor [Formula: see text] is made self-adaptive using simulated annealing (sa) based mutation operator. ARNMRA is evaluated on CEC 2005 numerical benchmark problems and found to be superior to other algorithms, including well-known ones like selective operation based GWO (SOGWO), opposition based laplacian equilibrium optimizer (OB-L-EO), improved whale optimization algorithm (IWOA), success-history based adaptive DE (SHADE) and original NMRA. Further, according to experimental results, the performance of ARNMRA is likewise superior to the NMRA for the CEC 2019 and CEC 2020 numerical problems. Convergence profiles and statistical tests (rank-sum test and Friedman test) are employed further to validate the experimental results. Moreover, this article extends the application of ARNMRA to address the data gathering aspect in mobile wireless sensor networks (MWSNs) with the goal of prolonging network lifetime and enhancing energy efficiency. In this MWSN-based protocol, a sensor node is elected as a cluster head based on factors like mobility, residual energy, and connection time. The protocol aims to maximize the system lifetime by efficiently collecting data from all sensors and transmitting it to the base station. The study emphasizes the significance of considering dynamic node densities and speed when designing effective data-gathering protocols for MWSNs.