Serrano-Jara Daniel, Rivera-Gomis Jorge, Tornel José Antonio, Jordán María José, Martínez-Conesa Cristina, Pablo María José Cubero
Department of Comparative Anatomy and Pathology, Veterinary Medicine Faculty, Regional Campus of International Excellence "Campus Mare Nostrum", University of Murcia, Espinardo, 30100 Murcia, Spain.
Scotland's Rural College (SRUC), Centre for Epidemiology and Planetary Health, Inverness, Scotland IV2 5NA, UK.
Animals (Basel). 2023 Dec 28;14(1):111. doi: 10.3390/ani14010111.
Finding alternatives to zinc oxide is a pressing issue for the pig production sector. We studied the impact of the bioactive components degradation of oregano essential oil (OEO) and purple garlic powder (PGP) during storage in silos, their effect on the morphometry of the jejunum and ileum and the cecal microbiota as intestinal health indicators in piglets during the post-weaning period. We also monitored antimicrobial resistance in the commensal indicator Histological parameters and intestinal microbiota were measured in 140 piglets weaned at 21 days of age. Seven dietary treatments were used: a negative control group (basal diet), a positive control group with ZnO (3000 mg/kg of food), two groups with OEO at 0.4% and 1.2%, respectively, two groups with PGP 0.4% and 2%, respectively, and a group with OEO with 1.2% combined with PGP with 2%. Each group of piglets received the treatment for seven weeks, from weaning, before samples were taken. Antibiotic resistance profiles were measured in 81 strains. On this occasion, only the control groups, ZnO, OEO 1.2%, PGP 2% and OEO 1.2% + PGP 2% were used, and the samples were obtained from the cecal content. A progressive loss of the bioactive components of OEO and PGP was observed during the 34 days of storage ( < 0.05). PGP 2%, OEO 1.2% and their combination showed results similar to ZnO ( > 0.05), or superior in the study of intestinal morphometry and the values of and All categories showed high levels of resistance. Only the strains isolated from the OEO 1.2% group did not show resistance to colistin and presented the lowest resistance values. In general, high doses of the additives studied showed the best results, obtaining levels like or higher than those offered by ZnO.
寻找氧化锌的替代品是养猪业的一个紧迫问题。我们研究了牛至精油（OEO）和紫蒜粉（PGP）在筒仓储存期间生物活性成分的降解情况，它们对断奶后仔猪空肠和回肠形态以及作为肠道健康指标的盲肠微生物群的影响。我们还监测了共生指示菌中的抗生素耐药性。对140头21日龄断奶的仔猪测量了组织学参数和肠道微生物群。使用了七种日粮处理：一个阴性对照组（基础日粮）、一个添加氧化锌（3000毫克/千克饲料）的阳性对照组、两个分别添加0.4%和1.2% OEO的组、两个分别添加0.4%和2% PGP的组，以及一个添加1.2% OEO和2% PGP的组合组。每组仔猪从断奶开始接受处理七周，然后采集样本。对81株菌株测量了抗生素耐药谱。此次仅使用了对照组、氧化锌组、1.2% OEO组、2% PGP组和1.2% OEO + 2% PGP组，并从盲肠内容物中获取样本。在储存的34天内观察到OEO和PGP的生物活性成分逐渐损失（<0.05）。2% PGP组、1.2% OEO组及其组合的结果与氧化锌组相似（>0.05），或者在肠道形态测量研究中表现更优，且α多样性和β多样性值也更优。所有类别均显示出高水平的耐药性。只有从1.2% OEO组分离出的菌株对黏菌素没有耐药性，且耐药值最低。总体而言，所研究的高剂量添加剂显示出最佳效果，获得的水平与氧化锌组相当或更高。
