Abd El-Aziz Ayman, Elfadadny Ahmed, Abo Ghanima Mahmoud, Cavallini Damiano, Fusaro Isa, Giammarco Melania, Buonaiuto Giovanni, El-Sabrout Karim
Department of Animal Wealth Development, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Damanhour University, Damanhour 22511, Egypt.
Department of Animal Internal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Damanhour University, Damanhour 22511, Egypt.
Animals (Basel). 2024 Oct 18;14(20):3021. doi: 10.3390/ani14203021.
Antimicrobials long been used to enhance the performance and immunity of rabbits, typically by adding them to feed or drinking water to prevent illness. However, increasing consumer concerns about antibiotic-resistant microorganisms have led to a shift toward natural, eco-friendly, non-antibiotic feed supplements that can improve rabbit health and productivity. Recently, aromatic herbs and their extracts have gained considerable attention as natural antioxidants with growth-promoting and health-boosting properties. Essential oils and secondary metabolites play a central role in these effects, with (oregano) emerging as a standout option. Compared to synthetic alternatives, oregano is a natural, residue-free feed supplement with fewer harmful side effects. Its key bioactive components, thymol and carvacrol, have been shown to deliver significant benefits when incorporated into rabbit diets, particularly in improving production performance, immunity, and antioxidant capacity. Supplementing rabbit diets and drinking water with oregano essential oil (OEO) has been found to enhance growth performance, feed efficiency, and meat quality, while also lowering cholesterol levels and boosting antioxidant activity. Despite these promising results, research on the use of oregano in rabbit farming remains limited. This review aims to provide an up-to-date overview of the potential effect of oregano supplements, on growth parameters, carcass and meat quality, hemato-biochemical parameters, antioxidant capacity, immunity response, gut health, and gene expression in rabbits.
长期以来，抗菌药物一直被用于提高兔子的生产性能和免疫力，通常是将它们添加到饲料或饮水中以预防疾病。然而，消费者对抗生素抗性微生物的担忧日益增加，导致人们转向使用天然、环保的非抗生素饲料添加剂，这些添加剂可以改善兔子的健康状况和生产性能。最近，芳香草药及其提取物作为具有促进生长和增强健康特性的天然抗氧化剂受到了广泛关注。精油和次生代谢产物在这些作用中起着核心作用，牛至已成为一个突出的选择。与合成替代品相比，牛至是一种天然的、无残留的饲料添加剂，副作用较少。其关键生物活性成分百里香酚和香芹酚已被证明，当添加到兔子日粮中时能带来显著益处，特别是在提高生产性能、免疫力和抗氧化能力方面。研究发现，在兔子日粮和饮水中添加牛至精油（OEO）可以提高生长性能、饲料效率和肉质，同时还能降低胆固醇水平并增强抗氧化活性。尽管取得了这些有前景的结果，但关于牛至在兔子养殖中的应用研究仍然有限。本综述旨在提供最新的概述，介绍牛至添加剂对兔子生长参数、胴体和肉质、血液生化参数、抗氧化能力、免疫反应、肠道健康和基因表达的潜在影响。
