线粒体靶向治疗阿尔茨海默病:来自冬眠的启示。
Mitochondrial Targeting against Alzheimer's Disease: Lessons from Hibernation.
机构信息
Department of Molecular and Cellular Neurobiology, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University Medical Center Groningen, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands.
出版信息
Cells. 2023 Dec 20;13(1):12. doi: 10.3390/cells13010012.
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common cause of dementia worldwide and yet remains without effective therapy. Amongst the many proposed causes of AD, the mitochondrial cascade hypothesis is gaining attention. Accumulating evidence shows that mitochondrial dysfunction is a driving force behind synaptic dysfunction and cognitive decline in AD patients. However, therapies targeting the mitochondria in AD have proven unsuccessful so far, and out-of-the-box options, such as hibernation-derived mitochondrial mechanisms, may provide valuable new insights. Hibernators uniquely and rapidly alternate between suppression and re-activation of the mitochondria while maintaining a sufficient energy supply and without acquiring ROS damage. Here, we briefly give an overview of mitochondrial dysfunction in AD, how it affects synaptic function, and why mitochondrial targeting in AD has remained unsuccessful so far. We then discuss mitochondria in hibernation and daily torpor in mice, covering current advancements in hibernation-derived mitochondrial targeting strategies. We conclude with new ideas on how hibernation-derived dual mitochondrial targeting of both the ATP and ROS pathways may boost mitochondrial health and induce local synaptic protein translation to increase synaptic function and plasticity. Further exploration of these mechanisms may provide more effective treatment options for AD in the future.
阿尔茨海默病(AD)是全球最常见的痴呆症病因,但目前仍缺乏有效的治疗方法。在众多被提出的 AD 病因中,线粒体级联假说正受到越来越多的关注。越来越多的证据表明,线粒体功能障碍是 AD 患者突触功能障碍和认知能力下降的主要驱动力。然而,目前针对 AD 患者线粒体的治疗方法都没有取得成功,因此,一些非传统的方法,如冬眠衍生的线粒体机制,可能提供有价值的新见解。冬眠动物在维持充足的能量供应的同时,能够独特而迅速地在抑制和重新激活线粒体之间交替,而不会产生 ROS 损伤。在这里,我们简要概述了 AD 中线粒体功能障碍、它如何影响突触功能以及为什么迄今为止针对 AD 的线粒体靶向治疗仍未取得成功。然后我们讨论了冬眠中的线粒体和小鼠的日常蛰伏,涵盖了冬眠衍生的线粒体靶向策略的最新进展。最后,我们提出了冬眠衍生的双重线粒体靶向 ATP 和 ROS 途径的新想法,这可能会促进线粒体健康并诱导局部突触蛋白翻译,以增加突触功能和可塑性。进一步探索这些机制可能为未来的 AD 提供更有效的治疗选择。