Calsina-Berna Agnès, González-Barboteo Jesús, Llorens-Torromé Silvia, Julià-Torras Joaquim
Palliative Care Department, School of Medicine, The University of Vic-Central University of Catalonia (UVIC-UCC), 08500 Vic, Spain.
Palliative Care Department, Institut Català d'Oncologia, 08908 Badalona, Spain.
Cancers (Basel). 2023 Dec 24;16(1):99. doi: 10.3390/cancers16010099.
Constipation is a common symptom in patients receiving antitumoral treatment. The mechanisms underlying antitumoral agent-induced constipation (ATAIC) are poorly defined. This systematic review aimed to analyze and synthesize the available information related to the prevalence, etiology, and treatment of ATAIC.
A systematic review following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) guidelines was conducted. The review included human studies written in English, French, or Spanish involving patients with cancer and containing information about the prevalence, etiology, and treatment of ATAIC.
A total of 73 articles were included. The reported prevalence ranged from 0.8% to 86.6%. Six studies reported an ATAIC prevalence of over 50%. The prevalence rates of constipation of grades 3 and 4 ranged between 0 and 11%. The importance of enteric neuronal integrity in gastrointestinal function was reported. The articles with the highest levels of evidence in relation to ATAIC treatment obtained in this systematic review studied treatments with acupuncture, sweet potato, osteopath, probiotics, and moxibustion.
The prevalence of constipation in patients undergoing antitumoral treatment is very diverse. Studies specifically designed to report the prevalence of antineoplastic treatment-induced constipation are needed. The importance of enteric neuronal integrity in gastrointestinal function was described. Thus, neuroprotection could be an area of research for the treatment of chemotherapy-induced gastrointestinal disorders.
便秘是接受抗肿瘤治疗患者的常见症状。抗肿瘤药物所致便秘（ATAIC）的潜在机制尚不明确。本系统评价旨在分析和综合与ATAIC的患病率、病因及治疗相关的现有信息。
按照系统评价与Meta分析的首选报告项目（PRISMA）指南进行系统评价。纳入的综述包括以英文、法文或西班牙文撰写的涉及癌症患者且包含ATAIC患病率、病因及治疗信息的人体研究。
共纳入73篇文章。报告的患病率在0.8%至86.6%之间。6项研究报告ATAIC患病率超过50%。3级和4级便秘的患病率在0至11%之间。报告了肠神经元完整性在胃肠功能中的重要性。本系统评价中关于ATAIC治疗获得的证据水平最高的文章研究了针灸、红薯、整骨疗法、益生菌和艾灸等治疗方法。
接受抗肿瘤治疗患者的便秘患病率差异很大。需要专门设计的研究来报告抗肿瘤治疗所致便秘的患病率。描述了肠神经元完整性在胃肠功能中的重要性。因此，神经保护可能是化疗所致胃肠疾病治疗的一个研究领域。
