Vishwakarma Chandrapal, Krishna Gopinathan Kumar, Kapoor Riti Thapar, Mathur Komal, Dalal Monika, Singh Nagendra Kumar, Mohapatra Trilochan, Chinnusamy Viswanathan
Division of Plant Physiology, Indian Council of Agricultural Research-Indian Agricultural Research Institute (IARI), New Delhi 110012, India.
Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Noida 201313, Uttar Pradesh, India.
Plants (Basel). 2023 Dec 23;13(1):62. doi: 10.3390/plants13010062.
Rice is a major staple food, and, hence, doubling its productivity is critical to sustain future food security. Improving photosynthesis, source-sink relationships and grain-filling mechanisms are promising traits for improvement in grain yield. To understand the source-sink relationship and grain yield, a set of contrasting rice genotypes differing in yield and biomass were studied for physiological, biochemical and gene-expression differences. The physiological and yield component traits of selected rice genotypes were analyzed in 2016 and 2017 under field conditions. This led to the categorization of genotypes as high yielding (HY) and high biomass, viz., Dular, Gontra Bidhan 3, Way Rarem, Patchai Perumal, Sahbhagi Dhan, Indira Barani Dhan-1, MTU1010, and Maudamani; while, low yielding (LY) and low biomass, viz. Anjali, Ghanteswari, Parijat, Khao Daw Tai, RKVY-104, Ghati Kamma Nangarhar, BAM4510 and BAM5850. The HY genotypes in general had relatively better values of yield component traits, higher photosynthetic rate (Pn) and chlorophyll (Chl) content. The study revealed that leaf area per plant and whole plant photosynthesis are the key traits contributing to high biomass production. We selected two good-performing (Sahbhagi Dhan and Maudamani) and two poor-performing (Ghanteswari and Parijat) rice genotypes for a detailed expression analysis of selected genes involved in photosynthesis, sucrose synthesis, transport, and starch synthesis in the leaf and starch metabolism in grain. Some of the HY genotypes had a relatively high level of expression of key photosynthesis genes, such as , , , and over LY genotypes. This study suggests that traits, such as leaf area, photosynthesis and grain number, contribute to high grain yield in rice. These good-performing genotypes can be used as a donor in a breeding program aimed at high yields in rice.
水稻是一种主要的主食，因此，将其产量提高一倍对于维持未来的粮食安全至关重要。改善光合作用、源库关系和籽粒灌浆机制是提高粮食产量的有前景的性状。为了了解源库关系和粮食产量，研究了一组在产量和生物量上存在差异的对比水稻基因型的生理、生化和基因表达差异。2016年和2017年在田间条件下分析了所选水稻基因型的生理和产量构成性状。这导致将基因型分为高产（HY）和高生物量型，即杜拉尔、贡特拉比丹3号、韦拉雷姆、帕查伊佩鲁马尔、萨布哈吉丹、英迪拉巴拉尼丹-1、MTU1010和毛达马尼；而低产（LY）和低生物量型，即安贾利、甘特斯瓦里、帕里贾特、考道泰、RKVY-104、加蒂卡马楠加尔哈尔、BAM4510和BAM5850。一般来说，HY基因型在产量构成性状方面具有相对较好的值，光合速率（Pn）和叶绿素（Chl）含量较高。研究表明，单株叶面积和全株光合作用是导致高生物量生产的关键性状。我们选择了两个表现良好（萨布哈吉丹和毛达马尼）和两个表现较差（甘特斯瓦里和帕里贾特）的水稻基因型，对参与叶片光合作用、蔗糖合成、运输和淀粉合成以及籽粒淀粉代谢的选定基因进行详细的表达分析。一些HY基因型在关键光合作用基因，如……、……、……和……上的表达水平相对于LY基因型较高。这项研究表明，叶面积、光合作用和粒数等性状有助于水稻获得高产。这些表现良好的基因型可作为旨在提高水稻产量的育种计划中的供体。
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