Musa Purnawarman, Sugeru Herik, Wibowo Eri Prasetyo
Department of Electrical Engineering, Gunadarma University, Depok 16424, West Java, Indonesia.
Department of Agriculture Technology, Gunadarma University, Depok 16424, West Java, Indonesia.
Sensors (Basel). 2023 Dec 21;24(1):51. doi: 10.3390/s24010051.
The integration of Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) into agricultural areas has had a significant impact and has provided new, more complex, efficient, and structured solutions for enhancing crop production. This study reviews the role of Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) in monitoring the macronutrient content of plants. This review study focuses on identifying the types of sensors used to measure macronutrients, determining sensor placement within agricultural areas, implementing wireless technology for sensor communication, and selecting device transmission intervals and ratings. The study of NPK (nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium) monitoring using sensor technology in precision agriculture is of high significance in efforts to improve agricultural productivity and efficiency. Incorporating Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) into the ongoing progress of proposed sensor node placement design has been a significant facet of this study. Meanwhile, the assessment based on soil samples analyzed for macronutrient content, conducted directly in relation to the comparison between the NPK sensors deployed in this research and the laboratory control sensors, reveals an error rate of 8.47% and can be deemed as a relatively satisfactory outcome. In addition to fostering technological innovations and precision farming solutions, in future this research aims to increase agricultural yields, particularly by enabling the cultivation of certain crops in locations different from their original ones.
将无线传感器网络（WSNs）集成到农业领域产生了重大影响，并为提高作物产量提供了新的、更复杂、高效且结构化的解决方案。本研究回顾了无线传感器网络（WSNs）在监测植物大量营养素含量方面的作用。这项综述研究着重于确定用于测量大量营养素的传感器类型、确定传感器在农业区域内的放置位置、实现传感器通信的无线技术，以及选择设备传输间隔和额定值。在精准农业中使用传感器技术对氮磷钾（NPK）进行监测的研究，对于提高农业生产力和效率具有重要意义。将无线传感器网络（WSNs）纳入拟议的传感器节点放置设计的持续进展中，一直是本研究的一个重要方面。同时，基于对大量营养素含量进行分析的土壤样本评估，直接与本研究中部署的NPK传感器和实验室对照传感器之间的比较相关，结果显示误差率为8.47%，可被视为相对令人满意的结果。除了促进技术创新和精准农业解决方案外，本研究未来旨在提高农业产量，特别是通过在与原种植地不同的地点种植某些作物来实现。
