Weintraub Center for Reconstructive Biotechnology, Division of Regenerative and Reconstructive Sciences, UCLA School of Dentistry, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.
West Los Angeles VA Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90073, USA.
Int J Mol Sci. 2023 Dec 21;25(1):123. doi: 10.3390/ijms25010123.
The development of healthy peri-implant soft tissues is critical to achieving the esthetic and biological success of implant restorations throughout all stages of healing and tissue maturation, starting with provisionalization. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of eight different implant provisional materials on human gingival fibroblasts at various stages of cell settlement by examining initial cell attachment, growth, and function. Eight different specimens-bis-acrylic 1 and 2, flowable and bulk-fill composites, self-curing acrylic 1 and 2, milled acrylic, and titanium (Ti) alloy as a control-were fabricated in rectangular plates ( = 3). The condition of human gingival fibroblasts was divided into two groups: those in direct contact with test materials (contact experiment) and those in close proximity to test materials (proximity experiment). The proximity experiment was further divided into three phases: pre-settlement, early settlement, and late settlement. A cell culture insert containing each test plate was placed into a well where the cells were pre-cultured. The number of attached cells, cell proliferation, resistance to detachment, and collagen production were evaluated. In the contact experiment, bis-acrylics and composites showed detrimental effects on cells. The number of cells attached to milled acrylic and self-curing acrylic was relatively high, being approximately 70% and 20-30%, respectively, of that on Ti alloy. There was a significant difference between self-curing acrylic 1 and 2, even with the same curing modality. The cell retention ability also varied considerably among the materials. Although the detrimental effects were mitigated in the proximity experiment compared to the contact experiment, adverse effects on cell growth and collagen production remained significant during all phases of cell settlement for bis-acrylics and flowable composite. Specifically, the early settlement phase was not sufficient to significantly mitigate the material cytotoxicity. The flowable composite was consistently more cytotoxic than the bulk-fill composite. The harmful effects of the provisional materials on gingival fibroblasts vary considerably depending on the curing modality and compositions. Pre-settlement of cells mitigated the harmful effects, implying the susceptibility to material toxicity varies depending on the progress of wound healing and tissue condition. However, cell pre-settlement was not sufficient to fully restore the fibroblastic function to the normal level. Particularly, the adverse effects of bis-acrylics and flowable composite remained significant. Milled and self-curing acrylic exhibited excellent and acceptable biocompatibility, respectively, compared to other materials.
健康的种植体周围软组织的发展对于实现种植体修复在所有愈合和组织成熟阶段的美学和生物学成功至关重要，从临时修复开始。本研究的目的是通过检查初始细胞附着、生长和功能，研究八种不同种植体临时材料对不同细胞定植阶段的人牙龈成纤维细胞的影响。八种不同的样本——双丙烯酸 1 和 2、流动和块状复合材料、自固化丙烯酸 1 和 2、铣削丙烯酸和钛（Ti）合金作为对照——被制成矩形板（n=3）。人牙龈成纤维细胞的状态分为两组：与测试材料直接接触的组（接触实验）和与测试材料近距离接触的组（临近实验）。临近实验进一步分为三个阶段：预定植、早期定植和晚期定植。一个包含每个测试板的细胞培养插入物被放置在一个孔中，细胞在那里进行预培养。附着细胞的数量、细胞增殖、抗脱落能力和胶原蛋白产生情况均被评估。在接触实验中，双丙烯酸和复合材料对细胞有不良影响。附着在铣削丙烯酸和自固化丙烯酸上的细胞数量相对较高，分别约为 Ti 合金的 70%和 20-30%。自固化丙烯酸 1 和 2 之间存在显著差异，即使使用相同的固化方式。材料之间的细胞保持能力也有很大差异。虽然与接触实验相比，临近实验中的不良影响有所减轻，但在细胞定植的所有阶段，双丙烯酸和流动复合材料对细胞生长和胶原蛋白产生仍有显著的不良影响。具体来说，早期定植阶段不足以显著减轻材料的细胞毒性。流动复合材料的细胞毒性始终比块状复合材料更严重。临时材料对牙龈成纤维细胞的有害影响因固化方式和组成而异。细胞的预定植减轻了有害影响，这意味着对材料毒性的敏感性取决于伤口愈合和组织状况的进展。然而，细胞预定植不足以将成纤维细胞的功能完全恢复到正常水平。特别是，双丙烯酸和流动复合材料的不良影响仍然显著。与其他材料相比，铣削和自固化丙烯酸分别表现出优异和可接受的生物相容性。
