Incheon Regional Office, National Fishery Products Quality Management Service Incheon, Incheon 22346, Republic of Korea.
Nutritional Education, Graduate School of Education, Silla University, Busan 46958, Republic of Korea.
Int J Mol Sci. 2023 Dec 22;25(1):200. doi: 10.3390/ijms25010200.
Obesity and related complications are significant health issues in modern society, largely attributed to a sedentary lifestyle and a carbohydrate-rich diet. Since anti-obesity drugs often come with severe side effects, preventative measures are being sought globally, including dietary changes and functional foods that can counteract weight gain. In this context, plant-based metabolites are extensively studied for their advantageous biological effects against obesity. Several plants within the genus have been reported to possess anti-adipogenic properties, preventing adipocytes from maturing and accumulating lipids. The present study investigated the anti-adipogenic potential of two sesquiterpenoids, reynosin and santamarine, isolated from in adipose-induced 3T3-L1 preadipocytes. Differentiating 3T3-L1 adipocytes treated with these isolated compounds displayed fewer adipogenic characteristics compared to untreated mature adipocytes. The results indicated that cells treated with reynosin and santamarine accumulated 55.0% and 52.5% fewer intracellular lipids compared to untreated control adipocytes, respectively. Additionally, the mRNA expression of the key adipogenic marker, transcription factor PPARγ, was suppressed by 87.2% and 91.7% following 60 μM reynosin and santamarine treatment, respectively, in differentiated adipocytes. Protein expression was also suppressed in a similar manner, at 92.7% and 82.5% by 60 μM reynosin and santamarine treatment, respectively. Likewise, SERBP1c and C/EBPα were also downregulated at both gene and protein levels in adipocytes treated with samples during differentiation. Further analysis suggested that the anti-adipogenic effect of the compounds might be a result of AMPK activation and the subsequent suppression of MAPK phosphorylation. Overall, the present study suggested that sesquiterpenoids, reynosin, and santamarine were two potential bioactive compounds with anti-adipogenic properties. Further research is needed to explore other bioactive agents within and elucidate the in vivo action mechanisms of reynosin and santamarine.
肥胖及相关并发症是现代社会的重大健康问题，主要归因于久坐的生活方式和富含碳水化合物的饮食。由于抗肥胖药物通常伴随着严重的副作用，因此全球都在寻求预防措施，包括饮食改变和具有抗体重增加作用的功能性食品。在这种情况下，植物代谢物因其对肥胖的有利生物学作用而被广泛研究。已经有报道称，属于该属的几种植物具有抗脂肪生成特性，可阻止脂肪细胞成熟和积累脂质。本研究调查了从分离得到的两种倍半萜类化合物 Reynosin 和 Santamarine 对脂肪诱导的 3T3-L1 前体脂肪细胞的抗脂肪生成潜力。与未处理的成熟脂肪细胞相比，用这些分离化合物处理的分化 3T3-L1 脂肪细胞显示出较少的脂肪生成特征。结果表明，与未处理的对照脂肪细胞相比，用 Reynosin 和 Santamarine 处理的细胞分别积累了 55.0%和 52.5%更少的细胞内脂质。此外，在分化的脂肪细胞中，60 μM Reynosin 和 Santamarine 处理分别抑制了关键脂肪生成标记物转录因子 PPARγ 的 mRNA 表达 87.2%和 91.7%。蛋白质表达也以相似的方式受到抑制，分别为 60 μM Reynosin 和 Santamarine 处理时的 92.7%和 82.5%。同样，在分化过程中用样品处理脂肪细胞时，SERBP1c 和 C/EBPα 的基因和蛋白质水平也下调。进一步分析表明，化合物的抗脂肪生成作用可能是 AMPK 激活的结果，随后抑制了 MAPK 磷酸化。总的来说，本研究表明倍半萜类化合物 Reynosin 和 Santamarine 是两种具有抗脂肪生成特性的潜在生物活性化合物。需要进一步研究来探索该属内的其他生物活性物质，并阐明 Reynosin 和 Santamarine 的体内作用机制。
