Department of Internal Medicine, Angiology and Physical Medicine, Center for Laser Diagnostics and Therapy, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Batorego 15 Street, 41-902 Bytom, Poland.
Department of Photomedicine and Physical Chemistry, Medical College, University of Rzeszów, 35-959 Rzeszów, Poland.
Int J Mol Sci. 2023 Dec 22;25(1):202. doi: 10.3390/ijms25010202.
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a collective term for two diseases: ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn's disease (CD). There are many factors, e.g., genetic, environmental and immunological, that increase the likelihood of these diseases. Indicators of IBDs include extracellular matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs). The aim of this review is to present data on the role of selected cytokines and metalloproteinases in IBD. In recent years, more and more transcriptomic studies are emerging. These studies are improving the characterization of the cytokine microenvironment inside inflamed tissue. It is observed that the levels of several cytokines are consistently increased in inflamed tissue in IBD, both in UC and CD. This review shows that MMPs play a major role in the pathology of inflammatory processes, cancer, and IBD. IBD-associated inflammation is associated with increased expression of MMPs and reduced ability of tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases (TIMPs) to inhibit their action. In IBD patients in tissues that are inflamed, MMPs are produced in excess and TIMP activity is not sufficient to block MMPs. This review is based on our personal selection of the literature that was retrieved by a selective search in PubMed using the terms "Inflammatory bowel disease" and "pathogenesis of Inflammatory bowel diseases" that includes systematic reviews, meta-analyses, and clinical trials. The involvement of the immune system in the pathophysiology of IBD is reviewed in terms of the role of the cytokines and metalloproteinases involved.
炎症性肠病（IBD）是两种疾病的统称：溃疡性结肠炎（UC）和克罗恩病（CD）。有许多因素，例如遗传、环境和免疫，会增加这些疾病的可能性。IBD 的指标包括细胞外基质金属蛋白酶（MMPs）。本综述的目的是介绍选定细胞因子和金属蛋白酶在 IBD 中的作用的数据。近年来，越来越多的转录组学研究正在涌现。这些研究正在改善对炎症组织内细胞因子微环境的特征描述。观察到在 IBD 中，无论是在 UC 还是 CD 中，炎症组织中几种细胞因子的水平都持续增加。本综述表明 MMPs 在炎症过程、癌症和 IBD 的病理学中起主要作用。与 IBD 相关的炎症与 MMPs 的表达增加以及组织金属蛋白酶抑制剂（TIMPs）抑制其作用的能力降低有关。在炎症组织中的 IBD 患者中，MMPs 过度产生，而 TIMP 活性不足以阻止 MMPs。本综述是基于我们个人选择的文献，这些文献是通过在 PubMed 中使用“炎症性肠病”和“炎症性肠病的发病机制”等术语进行选择性搜索检索到的，包括系统评价、荟萃分析和临床试验。本文综述了免疫系统在 IBD 病理生理学中的作用，涉及到参与的细胞因子和金属蛋白酶。
