Zhang Fu-Xing, Xie Xiao-Hang, Guo Zi-Xin, Wang Hao-Dong, Li Hui, Wu Kenneth Lap Kei, Chan Ying-Shing, Li Yun-Qing
Department of Human Anatomy, Histology and Embryology & K.K. Leung Brain Research Centre, School of Basic Medicine, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, PR China.
School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
IBRO Neurosci Rep. 2023 Jul 8;15:107-115. doi: 10.1016/j.ibneur.2023.06.006. eCollection 2023 Dec.
Motions sickness (MS) occurs when the brain receives conflicting sensory signals from vestibular, visual and proprioceptive systems about a person's ongoing position and/or motion in relation to space. MS is typified by symptoms such as nausea and emesis and implicates complex physiological aspects of sensations and sensorimotor reflexes. Use of animal models has been integral to unraveling the physiological causality of MS. The commonly used rodents (rat and mouse), albeit lacking vomiting reflex, reliably display phenotypic behaviors of pica (eating of non-nutritive substance) and conditioned taste aversion (CTAver) or avoidance (CTAvoi) which utilize neural substrates with pathways that cause gastrointestinal malaise akin to nausea/emesis. As such, rodent pica and CTAver/CTAvoi have been widely used as proxies for nausea/emesis in studies dealing with neural mechanisms of nausea/emesis and MS, as well as for evaluating therapeutics. This review presents the rationale and experimental evidence that support the use of pica and CTAver/CTAvoi as indices for nausea and emesis. Key experimental steps and cautions required when using rodent MS models are also discussed. Finally, future directions are suggested for studying MS with rodent pica and CTAver/CTAvoi models.
当大脑从前庭、视觉和本体感觉系统接收到关于一个人相对于空间的持续位置和/或运动的相互冲突的感觉信号时，就会发生晕动病（MS）。MS的典型症状包括恶心和呕吐，涉及感觉和感觉运动反射的复杂生理方面。动物模型的使用对于揭示MS的生理因果关系至关重要。常用的啮齿动物（大鼠和小鼠）虽然缺乏呕吐反射，但能可靠地表现出异食癖（食用非营养物质）以及条件性味觉厌恶（CTAver）或回避（CTAvoi）的表型行为，这些行为利用的神经基质所具有的通路会导致类似于恶心/呕吐的胃肠道不适。因此，在研究恶心/呕吐和MS的神经机制以及评估治疗方法时，啮齿动物的异食癖和CTAver/CTAvoi已被广泛用作恶心/呕吐的替代指标。本综述介绍了支持将异食癖和CTAver/CTAvoi用作恶心和呕吐指标的基本原理和实验证据。还讨论了使用啮齿动物MS模型时所需的关键实验步骤和注意事项。最后，提出了利用啮齿动物异食癖和CTAver/CTAvoi模型研究MS的未来方向。
