Oppermann H C, Wille L, Obladen M, Richter E
Pediatr Radiol. 1979 Jul 24;8(3):139-45. doi: 10.1007/BF00973822.
Details of 25 cases of neonatal systemic air embolism, including three of our patients, are reviewed. This rare complication of respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) was observed in 21 premature infants and 4 fullterm newborns, of whom 23 required intermittent positive pressure ventilation (IPPV). In 21 of these patients air embolism was preceded by pulmonary interstitial emphysema, pneumomediastinum, pneumothorax and/or pneumopericardium. Air embolism occurred between 3 and 288 hours after delivery. The outcome was lethal in 24 cases, only one patient survived. Two main pathogenic mechanisms are discussed; entrance of air from ruptured alveoli into the lung capillaries and introduction of air via catheters in umbilical vessels.
对25例新生儿系统性空气栓塞病例的详细情况进行了回顾，其中包括我们的3例患者。这种呼吸窘迫综合征（RDS）的罕见并发症在21例早产儿和4例足月儿中被观察到，其中23例需要间歇性正压通气（IPPV）。在这些患者中，21例空气栓塞之前存在肺间质气肿、纵隔气肿、气胸和/或心包积气。空气栓塞发生在分娩后3至288小时之间。24例患者的结局是致命的，只有1例患者存活。讨论了两种主要的致病机制；空气从破裂的肺泡进入肺毛细血管以及通过脐血管中的导管引入空气。
