School of Health, University of the Sunshine Coast, Sippy Downs, Queensland, Australia.
Population Health Program, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, Queensland, Australia.
Cancer Med. 2024 Feb;13(3):e6925. doi: 10.1002/cam4.6925. Epub 2024 Jan 12.
To collate and critically review international evidence on the direct health system costs of children and adolescents and young adults (AYA) with cancer.
We conducted searches in PubMed, MEDLINE, CINAHL, and Scopus. Articles were limited to studies involving people aged 0-39 years at cancer diagnosis and published from 2012 to 2022. Two reviewers screened the articles and evaluated the studies using the Consolidated Health Economic Evaluation Reporting Standards checklist. The reviewers synthesized the findings using a narrative approach and presented the costs in 2022 US dollars for comparability.
Overall, the mean healthcare costs for all cancers in the 5 years post diagnosis ranged from US$36,670 among children in Korea to US$127,946 among AYA in the USA. During the first year, the mean costs among children 0-14 years ranged from US$34,953 in Chile to over US$130,000 in Canada. These were higher than the costs for AYA, estimated at US$61,855 in Canada. At the end of life, the mean costs were estimated at over US$300,000 among children and US$235,265 among adolescents in Canada. Leukemia was the most expensive cancer type, estimated at US$50,133 in Chile, to US$152,533 among children in Canada. Overall, more than a third of the total cost is related to hospitalizations. All the included studies were of good quality.
Healthcare costs associated with cancer are substantial among children, and AYA. More research is needed on the cost of cancer in low- and middle-income countries and harmonization of costs across countries.
整理和批判性回顾国际上关于儿童、青少年和青年癌症患者（AYA）直接卫生系统成本的证据。
我们在 PubMed、MEDLINE、CINAHL 和 Scopus 中进行了检索。文章仅限于在癌症诊断时年龄为 0-39 岁且发表于 2012 年至 2022 年的研究。两名审查员筛选了文章，并使用合并健康经济评估报告标准清单评估了研究。审查员使用叙述方法综合了研究结果，并以 2022 年美元为单位呈现了成本，以进行可比性分析。
总体而言，所有癌症在诊断后 5 年内的平均医疗保健成本从韩国儿童的 36670 美元到美国 AYA 的 127946 美元不等。在第一年，0-14 岁儿童的平均成本从智利的 34953 美元到加拿大的超过 130000 美元不等。这些成本高于 AYA 的成本，加拿大估计为 61855 美元。在生命末期，加拿大儿童的平均成本估计超过 300000 美元，青少年的平均成本估计为 235265 美元。白血病是最昂贵的癌症类型，智利的估计为 50133 美元，加拿大儿童的估计为 152533 美元。总体而言，超过三分之一的总成本与住院有关。所有纳入的研究质量都很好。
儿童和 AYA 的癌症相关医疗保健成本很高。需要更多关于中低收入国家癌症成本的研究，并协调各国的成本。
