Department of Civil, Construction, and Environmental Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695-7908, United States.
Department of Civil, Environmental, and Geodetic Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States.
Environ Sci Technol. 2024 Jan 30;58(4):1882-1893. doi: 10.1021/acs.est.3c04006. Epub 2024 Jan 12.
The expansion of renewable energy and the large-scale deployment of carbon dioxide (CO) capture and storage (CCS) can decarbonize the power sector. The use of CO to extract geothermal heat from naturally porous and permeable sedimentary basins to generate electricity (CO-plume geothermal (CPG) system) presents an opportunity to simultaneously generate renewable energy and geologically store CO. In this study, we estimate the life cycle greenhouse gas (GHG) impacts of CPG systems through 12 scenarios in which CPG systems are combined with one of six CO sources (e.g., bioenergy with carbon capture and storage (BECCS) and iron and steel facilities) and operate in two geological settings. We find the life cycle GHG emissions of CPG systems ranging from -0.25 to -6.18 kg COeq/kWh. CPG systems can achieve the highest emissions reductions when utilizing the CO captured from BECCS. We evaluate uncertainty through a Monte Carlo simulation, demonstrating consistent net reductions in life cycle emissions and a local, one-parameter-at-a-time sensitivity analysis that identifies the CO capture capacity as the high-impact parameter of the results. Through the production of electricity, CPG systems can provide additional environmental benefits to the deployment of large-scale CCS.
可再生能源的扩展和大规模部署二氧化碳（CO）捕集和封存（CCS）可以使电力部门脱碳。利用 CO 从自然多孔和可渗透的沉积盆地中提取地热能来发电（CO 羽流地热（CPG）系统）为同时产生可再生能源和地质储存 CO 提供了机会。在这项研究中，我们通过 12 种情景来估计 CPG 系统的生命周期温室气体（GHG）影响，其中 CPG 系统与六种 CO 源之一（例如，碳捕获和封存的生物能源（BECCS）和钢铁设施）相结合，并在两种地质环境中运行。我们发现 CPG 系统的生命周期 GHG 排放量在-0.25 至-6.18kg COeq/kWh 之间。当利用 BECCS 捕获的 CO 时，CPG 系统可以实现最高的排放减少。我们通过蒙特卡罗模拟评估不确定性，结果表明生命周期排放量持续减少，局部逐个参数敏感性分析确定 CO 捕获能力是结果的高影响参数。通过发电，CPG 系统可以为大规模 CCS 的部署提供额外的环境效益。
