Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Semmelweis University, Balassa utca 6, Budapest 1082, Hungary.
Department of Cognitive Science, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Egry József utca 1, Budapest 1111, Hungary; National Institute of Mental Health, Neurology and Neurosurgery - Nyírő Gyula Hospital, Lehel utca 59-61, Budapest 1135, Hungary.
Schizophr Res. 2024 Feb;264:327-335. doi: 10.1016/j.schres.2023.12.023. Epub 2024 Jan 11.
Visual illusions provide a unique opportunity to understand cognitive and perceptual alterations in schizophrenia-spectrum conditions. Schizophrenia patients often exhibit increased susceptibility to the Müller-Lyer illusion. Here, we investigate susceptibility to the Müller-Lyer visual illusion in the general population with different levels of schizotypy.
We assessed a population-based convenience sample (N = 263) on an online platform. In addition to basic demographics, participants completed the Müller-Lyer illusion, the Cardiff Anomalous Perceptions Scale (CAPS) to measure perceptual anomalies, and the Multidimensional Schizotypy Scale - Brief (MSS-B) for schizotypic traits. To evaluate what predicts susceptibility to the illusion, we fitted a large set of multilevel logistic regression models and performed model averaging over the coefficients.
We found support for increased illusion susceptibility among individuals with high positive schizotypy. However, we did not find a comparable effect for anomalous perceptions alone, or for negative or disorganized schizotypy.
The increased Müller-Lyer effect in positive schizotypy might be specific to delusion-like beliefs and magical ideation. Further research is needed to clarify how a hierarchical Bayesian formulation of brain function (e.g. imbalances between bottom-up perceptual processing and substantial reliance on prior expectations) can account for the Müller-Lyer effect in schizophrenia-spectrum conditions.
视觉错觉为理解精神分裂症谱系疾病中的认知和感知改变提供了独特的机会。精神分裂症患者通常表现出对穆勒-莱尔错觉的敏感性增加。在这里，我们研究了具有不同精神分裂症倾向水平的普通人群对穆勒-莱尔视觉错觉的敏感性。
我们在一个在线平台上评估了一个基于人群的方便样本（N=263）。除了基本的人口统计学数据外，参与者还完成了穆勒-莱尔错觉、加的夫异常知觉量表（CAPS）以测量知觉异常，以及多维精神分裂症倾向量表-简明版（MSS-B）以评估精神分裂症倾向特征。为了评估哪些因素可以预测对错觉的敏感性，我们拟合了一组大型多层次逻辑回归模型，并对系数进行了模型平均。
我们发现高阳性精神分裂症倾向个体的错觉敏感性增加。然而，对于异常知觉本身，或者对于阴性或混乱的精神分裂症倾向，我们没有发现类似的效果。
阳性精神分裂症倾向中穆勒-莱尔效应的增加可能特定于妄想样信念和神奇思维。需要进一步研究来阐明大脑功能的分层贝叶斯表述（例如，自上而下的感知处理和对先验期望的大量依赖之间的不平衡）如何解释精神分裂症谱系疾病中的穆勒-莱尔效应。
