Centre for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), P.O. Box 1, 3720 BA Bilthoven, the Netherlands.
Centre for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), P.O. Box 1, 3720 BA Bilthoven, the Netherlands.
Vaccine. 2024 Feb 6;42(4):801-811. doi: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2023.12.080. Epub 2024 Jan 12.
Vaccine uptake within the Dutch National Immunisation Programme (NIP) has slightly declined since the COVID-19 pandemic. We studied psychosocial factors of vaccine uptake, namely parental intention, attitudes, beliefs, trust and deliberation (i.e., self-evidence), before (2013) and two years into the pandemic (2022).
In 2022 and 2013, parents with a young child (aged < 3.5 years) participated in online surveys on vaccination (n = 1000 and 800, (estimated) response = 12.2 % and 37.2 %, respectively). Psychosocial factors were measured on 7-point Likert scales. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to study differences between parents in 2022 and 2013 in 'negative' scores (≤2) of psychosocial factors.
In both 2022 and 2013, most parents with a young child expressed positive intention (2022 = 83.1 %, 2013 = 87.0 %), attitudes (3 items: 2022 = 66.7 %-70.9 %, 2013 = 62.1 %-69.8 %) and trust (2022 = 51.8 %, 2013 = 52.0 %) towards the NIP and considered vaccinating their child as self-evident (2022 = 57.2 %, 2013 = 67.3 %). Compared to parents in 2013, parents in 2022 had significantly higher odds of reporting negative attitudes towards vaccination (3 items combined: OR = 2.84, 95 % CI = 1.09, 7.37), believing that vaccinations offer insufficient protection (OR = 4.89, 95 % CI = 3.19, 7.51), that the NIP is not beneficial for the protection of their child's health (OR = 2.23, 95 % CI = 1.15, 4.35), that vaccinating their child does not necessarily protect the health of other children (OR = 2.24, 95 % CI = 1.16, 4.33) or adults (OR = 2.22, 95 % CI = 1.32, 3.75) and that vaccinations could cause severe side effects (OR = 2.20, 95 % CI = 1.35, 3.58), preferring natural infection over vaccination (OR = 3.18, 95 % CI = 2.24, 4.51) and reporting low trust towards the NIP (OR = 1.73, 95 % CI = 1.08, 2.79).
Although most parents had positive intention, attitudes and trust towards vaccination and perceived vaccinating their child as self-evident, proportions of parents with negative scores were slightly larger in 2022 compared to 2013. Monitoring these determinants of vaccine uptake and developing appropriate interventions could contribute to sustaining high vaccine uptake.
自 COVID-19 大流行以来，荷兰国家免疫计划（NIP）中的疫苗接种率略有下降。我们研究了疫苗接种的社会心理因素，即在大流行的前两年（2013 年）和两年后（2022 年），即父母的意愿、态度、信念、信任和考虑（即自我证据）。
在 2022 年和 2013 年，有年幼孩子（年龄<3.5 岁）的父母参加了关于疫苗接种的在线调查（n=1000 和 800，（估计）回应率分别为 12.2%和 37.2%）。社会心理因素用 7 点李克特量表测量。采用多变量逻辑回归分析研究 2022 年和 2013 年父母在“负面”（≤2）社会心理因素评分方面的差异。
在 2022 年和 2013 年，大多数有年幼孩子的父母对 NIP 表示出积极的意愿（2022 年=83.1%，2013 年=87.0%）、态度（3 项：2022 年=66.7%-70.9%，2013 年=62.1%-69.8%）和信任（2022 年=51.8%，2013 年=52.0%），并认为为孩子接种疫苗是不言而喻的（2022 年=57.2%，2013 年=67.3%）。与 2013 年的父母相比，2022 年的父母报告对疫苗接种的负面态度（3 项合计）的可能性显著更高（OR=2.84，95%CI=1.09，7.37），认为疫苗提供的保护不足（OR=4.89，95%CI=3.19，7.51），认为 NIP 对保护孩子的健康没有好处（OR=2.23，95%CI=1.15，4.35），为孩子接种疫苗不一定能保护其他孩子（OR=2.24，95%CI=1.16，4.33）或成人（OR=2.22，95%CI=1.32，3.75）的健康，接种疫苗会引起严重的副作用（OR=2.20，95%CI=1.35，3.58），更喜欢自然感染而不是接种疫苗（OR=3.18，95%CI=2.24，4.51），并对 NIP 的信任度较低（OR=1.73，95%CI=1.08，2.79）。
尽管大多数父母对疫苗接种有积极的意愿、态度和信任，并认为为孩子接种疫苗是不言而喻的，但与 2013 年相比，2022 年具有负面评分的父母比例略高。监测这些疫苗接种决定因素并制定适当的干预措施，有助于维持高疫苗接种率。
