Role of calcium in regulating key steps in phytochrome-induced signaling pathways.

A major focus in the field of signal transduction pathways in plants has been the role of calcium ions in mediating diverse sensory responses. Among these responses, those initiated by the red-light activated photoreceptor, phytochrome have received increasing attention in recent years. Although not all phytochrome responses are mediated by calcium, many of them are, and a number of recent publications have clarified just how calcium helps to transduce some of the transcriptomic changes induced by phytochrome. Many of these publications reference Dr. Sopory's laboratory as an important contributor to the initial data documenting that an early step in the signaling pathways induced by phytochrome was an increased uptake of calcium into cells. This review summarizes the strong evidence that calcium-dependent steps play a major role in transducing phytochrome-initiated responses, and it updates the latest reports on specific steps in some phytochrome responses that are dependent on the mediation of calcium-binding protein kinases and calmodulin.