Golubeva O N
Ontogenez. 1986 Nov-Dec;17(6):648-54.
The X. laevis neuroectoderm (NE) at the mid and late gastrula stages is capable to form mesoderm in vitro after its separation from mesoderm. This capacity is inherent in posterior 2/3 of NE underlied by axial mesoderm in the embryo and forming deuterencephalic and trunk regions of the brain in the normal development. The archencephalic 1/3 of NE of the late gastrula, underlied in the embryo by prechordal plate, is capable of differentiation into archencephalic regions of the brain, rather than into mesoderm. For the typical differentiation of archencephalic NE to be realized, it should be surrounded by the outer ectoderm layer. In the absence of the latter, the whole explant develops into retina and brain only. Inside the closed explants, ectomesenchyme and melanophores arise and the eye material is subdivided into retina and pigmented epithelium. The archencephalic NE, dissociated to individual cells and wrapped into epidermis, forms much more ectomesenchyme and melanophores than the usual NE explants.
非洲爪蟾原肠胚中晚期的神经外胚层（NE）在与中胚层分离后能够在体外形成中胚层。这种能力在胚胎中轴中胚层下方的NE后2/3中是固有的，并且在正常发育中形成脑的中脑和躯干区域。原肠胚晚期NE的前脑1/3，在胚胎中由口前板支撑，能够分化为脑的前脑区域，而不是中胚层。为了实现前脑NE的典型分化，它应该被外胚层外层包围。在没有后者的情况下，整个外植体仅发育成视网膜和脑。在封闭的外植体内，产生外间充质和黑素细胞，并且眼物质被细分为视网膜和色素上皮。解离成单个细胞并包裹在表皮中的前脑NE比通常的NE外植体形成更多的外间充质和黑素细胞。
