Department of Public Health, The University of Bamenda, Bambili, North West Region, Cameroon.
Nutrition and Health Research Group (NHRG), Bamenda, Cameroon.
Pan Afr Med J. 2023 Oct 17;46:57. doi: 10.11604/pamj.2023.46.57.41547. eCollection 2023.
measures of obesity such as body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC) and waist-to-height ratio (WHtR) have been shown to be associated with high blood pressure (BP) in children and adolescents. The purpose of this study was to determine the proportion of secondary school adolescents with elevated BP and high BP in relation to some measures of adiposity (BMI, WC, WHtR) and to examine the association between BP and adiposity indices amongst the children.
the study was an institutional-based cross-sectional study involving 534 adolescents (mean age 15.1 ± 2.3 years) attending 4 secondary schools (2 public and 2 private) in the Bamenda municipality of the North West Region of Cameroon. Anthropometric and BP measurements were carried out following standard procedures. Diagnosis of hypertension in the children was done by obtaining three elevated systolic or diastolic BP readings (BP ≥ 95 percentile for the child's age, sex and height). Linear regression was used to determine the relationship between BP and some measures of adiposity (BMI, WC, WHtR) amongst the children.
the prevalence of elevated BP and hypertension amongst the study participants was 33.3% and 33.3% in the BMI-obese children, 25.9% and 25.2% in the WC overweight/obese children and 29.4% and 41.2% in the "high risk" (WHtR ≥ 0.5) children respectively. Body mass index-obese, WC overweight/obese and "high risk" (WHtR ≥ 0.5) children had a significantly (p <0.05) higher mean SBP and DBP compared to their healthy weight counterparts. Linear regression indicated a significant association (p <0.001) between WC (β=0.75; 95% CI = 0.57, 0.92), BMI (β=0.88; 95% CI = 0.49, 1.25) and WHtR (β= 67.08; 95% CI = 45.64, 88.51) with systolic BP for the unadjusted analysis. After adjusting for age, gender and school type, only WC (β= 0.66; 95% CI = (0.43, 0.89) showed a positive significant (p <0.001) relationship with systolic BP.
this study has demonstrated that WC is positively associated with high BP in children and adolescents. Thus, WC can be used in predicting children and adolescents with a high risk of developing high BP in our setting.
体重指数（BMI）、腰围（WC）和腰高比（WHtR）等肥胖测量指标已被证明与儿童和青少年的高血压（BP）有关。本研究的目的是确定与某些肥胖指标（BMI、WC、WHtR）相关的中学生高血压和高血压的比例，并研究儿童 BP 与肥胖指数之间的关系。
本研究是一项基于机构的横断面研究，涉及喀麦隆西北区巴门达市的 4 所中学（2 所公立和 2 所私立）的 534 名青少年（平均年龄 15.1 ± 2.3 岁）。按照标准程序进行人体测量和 BP 测量。通过获得三次升高的收缩压或舒张压读数（BP≥儿童年龄、性别和身高的 95 百分位数）来诊断儿童高血压。线性回归用于确定儿童 BP 与某些肥胖指标（BMI、WC、WHtR）之间的关系。
在 BMI 肥胖的儿童中，BP 升高和高血压的患病率分别为 33.3%和 33.3%，WC 超重/肥胖的儿童中分别为 25.9%和 25.2%，“高风险”（WHtR≥0.5）的儿童中分别为 29.4%和 41.2%。与健康体重的同龄人相比，BMI 肥胖、WC 超重/肥胖和“高风险”（WHtR≥0.5）的儿童的平均 SBP 和 DBP 显著升高（p<0.05）。线性回归表明，WC（β=0.75；95%CI=0.57，0.92）、BMI（β=0.88；95%CI=0.49，1.25）和 WHtR（β=67.08；95%CI=45.64，88.51）与未调整分析中的收缩压显著相关（p<0.001）。在校正年龄、性别和学校类型后，只有 WC（β=0.66；95%CI=（0.43，0.89））与收缩压呈正相关（p<0.001）。
本研究表明，WC 与儿童和青少年的高血压呈正相关。因此，WC 可用于预测我们研究环境中高血压风险较高的儿童和青少年。
