Danquah Frederick Inkum, Ansu-Mensah Monica, Bawontuo Vitalis, Yeboah Matilda, Kuupiel Desmond
Department of Public Health, Faculty of Health and Allied Sciences, Catholic University College of Ghana, Fiapre, Sunyani, Ghana.
Research for Sustainable Development Consult, Sunyani, Ghana.
Arch Public Health. 2020 Oct 29;78(1):109. doi: 10.1186/s13690-020-00491-2.
The growing burden of non-communicable diseases (NDC), particularly in low-and middle-income countries, poses a significant threat to global health. Obesity and overweight constitute major risk factors of NCDs such as heart diseases, diabetes, and kidney disease, and as a result, contribute significantly to the development of chronic morbidities, reduced quality of life, and increased risk of premature death. This study described evidence on the prevalence, incidence, and trends of childhood overweight and obesity in sub-Sahara Africa (SSA).
We conducted a systematic scoping review employing the Arksey and O'Malley framework, Levac et al. recommendations, and the Joanna Briggs Institute guidelines. To obtain relevant published articles for this review, we performed a comprehensive keywords search in PubMed, Google Scholar, Web of Science, and CINAHL via EBSCOhost platform for studies published between 2009 and June 2019. Guided by the eligibility criteria, title and abstracts, as well as the full-text articles were independently screened in parallel by two investigators. All relevant data were independently extracted by two investigators using a piloted form designed in Microsoft and thematic analysis conducted.
Of the 81 included studies obtained from 250,148 potentially eligible articles, the majority (25) conducted in South Africa followed by 18 in Nigeria. Six studies were conducted in Ethiopia (6), Tanzania (5), Kenya (4), Cameroon (4), Ghana (3), Uganda (2), Mozambique (2), and Sudan (2). One study each was conducted in Botswana, Gambia, Lesotho, Mauritius, Seychelles, Togo, and Zimbabwe. The remaining three articles were multi-country studies. Most (81.5%) of the included studies were cross-sectional surveys and the majority (79) focused on both male and female participants. The majority (80/81) of the included studies reported on the prevalence of childhood overweight/obesity, 8 on the trends of childhood overweight/obesity, and one presented evidence on the incidence of childhood overweight and obesity in SSA.
This review demonstrates limited studies on childhood overweight/obesity in most SSA countries although the included studies suggest an increasing burden. Considering the consequences of childhood obesity, there is a need for more primary researches to inform policies decision and implementation to halt the rise of childhood obesity/overweight in SSA.
非传染性疾病（NDC）负担日益加重，尤其是在低收入和中等收入国家，这对全球健康构成了重大威胁。肥胖和超重是非传染性疾病（如心脏病、糖尿病和肾病）的主要风险因素，因此，它们对慢性疾病的发展、生活质量下降以及过早死亡风险增加有重大影响。本研究描述了撒哈拉以南非洲（SSA）儿童超重和肥胖的患病率、发病率及趋势的相关证据。
我们采用阿克斯和奥马利框架、莱瓦克等人的建议以及乔安娜·布里格斯研究所指南进行了一项系统的范围综述。为获取本次综述的相关已发表文章，我们通过EBSCOhost平台在PubMed、谷歌学术、科学网和CINAHL中进行了全面的关键词搜索，以查找2009年至2019年6月期间发表的研究。在纳入标准的指导下，两名研究人员并行独立筛选标题和摘要以及全文文章。所有相关数据由两名研究人员使用在微软设计的试点表格独立提取，并进行了主题分析。
在从250,148篇潜在合格文章中获得的81项纳入研究中，大多数（25项）在南非进行，其次是在尼日利亚进行的18项。在埃塞俄比亚进行了6项研究，坦桑尼亚5项研究，肯尼亚4项研究，喀麦隆4项研究，加纳3项研究，乌干达2项研究，莫桑比克2项研究，苏丹2项研究。在博茨瓦纳、冈比亚、莱索托、毛里求斯、塞舌尔、多哥和津巴布韦各进行了1项研究。其余3篇文章为多国研究。纳入研究中的大多数（81.5%）是横断面调查，大多数（79项）关注男性和女性参与者。纳入研究中的大多数（80/81）报告了儿童超重/肥胖的患病率，8项报告了儿童超重/肥胖的趋势，1项提供了撒哈拉以南非洲儿童超重和肥胖发病率的证据。
本综述表明，撒哈拉以南非洲大多数国家关于儿童超重/肥胖的研究有限，尽管纳入研究表明负担在加重。考虑到儿童肥胖的后果，需要更多的基础研究为政策决策和实施提供信息，以阻止撒哈拉以南非洲儿童肥胖/超重情况的上升。
