COVID-19 大流行对艾滋病毒感染者的影响：委内瑞拉加拉加斯的一项横断面研究。

The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on people living with HIV: a cross-sectional study in Caracas, Venezuela.

机构信息

Biomedical Research and Therapeutic Vaccines Institute, Ciudad Bolivar, Venezuela.

Infectious Diseases Department, University Hospital of Caracas, Caracas, Venezuela.

出版信息

BMC Infect Dis. 2024 Jan 15;24(1):87. doi: 10.1186/s12879-023-08967-6.

DOI:10.1186/s12879-023-08967-6

PMID:38225550

原文链接:https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10789023/

Abstract

BACKGROUND

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has disrupted multiple health services, including human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) testing, care, and treatment services, jeopardizing the achievement of the Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS 90-90-90 global target. While there are limited studies assessing the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on people living with HIV (PLHIV) in Latin America, there are none, to our knowledge, in Venezuela. This study aims to assess the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic among PLHIV seen at the outpatient clinic of a reference hospital in Venezuela.

METHODS

We conducted a cross-sectional study among PLHIV aged 18 years and over seen at the Infectious Diseases Department of the University Hospital of Caracas, Venezuela between March 2021 and February 2022.

RESULTS

A total of 238 PLHIV were included in the study. The median age was 43 (IQR 31-55) years, and the majority were male (68.9%). Most patients (88.2%, n = 210) came for routine check-ups, while 28 (11.3%) were newly diagnosed. The majority of patients (96.1%) were on antiretroviral therapy (ART), but only 67.8% had a viral load test, with almost all (95.6%) being undetectable. Among those who attended regular appointments, 11.9% reported missing at least one medical consultation, and 3.3% reported an interruption in their ART refill. More than half of the patients (55.5%) had received at least one dose of the COVID-19 vaccine, while the rest expressed hesitancy to get vaccinated. Most patients with COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy were male (65.1%), younger than 44 years (57.5%), employed (47.2%), and had been diagnosed with HIV for less than one year (33%). However, no statistically significant differences were found between vaccinated patients and those with COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy. Older age was a risk factor for missing consultations, while not having an alcoholic habit was identified as a protective factor against missing consultations.

CONCLUSION

This study found that the COVID-19 pandemic had a limited impact on adherence to medical consultations and interruptions in ART among PLHIV seen at the University Hospital of Caracas, Venezuela.

摘要

背景

2019 年冠状病毒病（COVID-19）大流行扰乱了多项卫生服务，包括人类免疫缺陷病毒（HIV）检测、护理和治疗服务，危及到联合国艾滋病规划署（UNAIDS）90-90-90 全球目标的实现。虽然有一些有限的研究评估了 COVID-19 大流行对拉丁美洲艾滋病毒感染者（PLHIV）的影响，但据我们所知，在委内瑞拉没有这样的研究。本研究旨在评估 COVID-19 大流行对委内瑞拉加拉加斯大学医院传染病科就诊的 PLHIV 的影响。

方法

我们对 2021 年 3 月至 2022 年 2 月期间在委内瑞拉加拉加斯大学医院传染病科就诊的年龄在 18 岁及以上的 PLHIV 进行了一项横断面研究。

结果

共有 238 名 PLHIV 纳入研究。中位年龄为 43（IQR 31-55）岁，大多数为男性（68.9%）。大多数患者（88.2%，n=210）来进行常规检查，而 28 名（11.3%）为新诊断。大多数患者（96.1%）正在接受抗逆转录病毒治疗（ART），但只有 67.8%进行了病毒载量检测，几乎所有患者（95.6%）的病毒载量均不可检测。在定期就诊的患者中，11.9%报告至少漏诊一次就诊，3.3%报告中断 ART 续药。超过一半的患者（55.5%）至少接种了一剂 COVID-19 疫苗，而其余的则表示对接种疫苗犹豫不决。大多数对 COVID-19 疫苗犹豫不决的患者为男性（65.1%），年龄小于 44 岁（57.5%），有工作（47.2%），HIV 诊断时间不到一年（33%）。然而，接种疫苗的患者和对 COVID-19 疫苗犹豫不决的患者之间没有统计学上的显著差异。年龄较大是漏诊的危险因素，而没有饮酒习惯则是漏诊的保护因素。