Xu Yuxiang, Li Yongjie, Wang Changqing, Han Tingting, Wu Yue, Wang Song, Wei Jianshe
Institute for Brain Sciences Research, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China.
Department of rehabilitation medicine, Beijing Jishuitan Hospital Guizhou Hospital, Guiyang, China.
Int J Clin Health Psychol. 2024 Jan-Mar;24(1):100433. doi: 10.1016/j.ijchp.2023.100433. Epub 2024 Jan 9.
The exact causal mechanisms of depression remain unclear due to the complexity of the triggers, which has led to limitations in treating depression using modern drugs. High-intensity interval training (HIIT) is as effective as medication in treating depression without toxic side effects. Typically, HIIT requires less time commitment (i.e., shorter exercise duration) and exhibits pronounced benefits on depressive symptoms than other forms of physical exercise. This review summarizes the risk reduction and clinical effects of HIIT for depression and discusses the underlying mechanisms, providing a theoretical basis for utilizing HIIT in treating depression.
A database search was conducted in PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and Scopus from inception up to October 2022. The methodological quality of the included literature was evaluated by the physiotherapy evidence database (PEDro) scale criteria. The review focused on evaluating the changes in depression risk or symptoms of HIIT interventions in healthy individuals, patients with depression, and patients with other disorders co-morbid with depression. Consequently, the mechanisms associated with depression related HIIT were summarized.
A total of 586 participants (52 % female; mean age: 43.58±8.93 years) from 22 studies were included. Implementing HIIT using different exercise types alleviates depressive symptoms in individuals with depression and in individuals with depression who have exhibited comorbidities and reduced depression scale scores in subjects immediately after acute exercise. In addition, the long-interval HIIT and short-interval HIIT in the treatment of patients with cardiovascular or psychiatric disorders may reduce depressive symptoms via complex exercise-related changes on several levels, including by effecting the following measures: releasing monoamines, reducing neuronal death, inducing neurogenesis, modulating the functional homeostasis of the HPA axis, and enhancing the level of inflammation in the body.
HIIT is a relatively safe and effective antidepressant, which may involve multiple neurobiological mechanisms (release of monoamines, reducing neuronal death, inducing neurogenesis, modulating the functional homeostasis of the HPA axis, and enhancing the level of inflammation in the body), thereby reducing the risk or symptoms of depression in participants.
由于引发抑郁症的因素复杂，其确切的因果机制尚不清楚，这导致现代药物治疗抑郁症存在局限性。高强度间歇训练（HIIT）在治疗抑郁症方面与药物治疗效果相当，且无毒性副作用。通常，HIIT所需的时间投入较少（即运动持续时间较短），与其他形式的体育锻炼相比，对抑郁症状有显著益处。本综述总结了HIIT对抑郁症的风险降低作用和临床效果，并探讨了其潜在机制，为将HIIT用于治疗抑郁症提供理论依据。
在PubMed、Embase、Web of Science和Scopus数据库中进行检索，检索时间范围从建库至2022年10月。采用物理治疗证据数据库（PEDro）量表标准评估纳入文献的方法学质量。本综述重点评估HIIT干预对健康个体、抑郁症患者以及合并抑郁症的其他疾病患者的抑郁风险或症状的变化。因此，总结了与抑郁症相关的HIIT机制。
共纳入22项研究的586名参与者（52%为女性；平均年龄：43.58±8.93岁）。采用不同运动类型进行HIIT可减轻抑郁症患者以及合并其他疾病的抑郁症患者的抑郁症状，并且在急性运动后立即降低受试者的抑郁量表评分。此外，长间隔HIIT和短间隔HIIT在治疗心血管或精神疾病患者时，可能通过多个层面与运动相关的复杂变化来减轻抑郁症状，包括采取以下措施：释放单胺类物质、减少神经元死亡、诱导神经发生、调节下丘脑-垂体-肾上腺（HPA）轴的功能稳态以及提高体内炎症水平。
HIIT是一种相对安全有效的抗抑郁方法，可能涉及多种神经生物学机制（释放单胺类物质、减少神经元死亡、诱导神经发生、调节HPA轴的功能稳态以及提高体内炎症水平），从而降低参与者患抑郁症的风险或减轻其症状。
