School of Psychological Sciences and Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria (Australia).
Turning Point, Eastern Health, Victoria (Australia)
Psicothema. 2024;36(1):15-25. doi: 10.7334/psicothema2022.516.
Cognitive disinhibition underpins alcohol and drug use problems. Although higher-risk substance use is consistently associated with poorer disinhibition, current findings may be limited by narrow recruitment methods, which over-represent individuals engaged in traditional treatment services with more severe presentations. We embedded a novel gamified disinhibition task (the Cognitive Impulsivity Suite; CIS) in a national online addiction support service ( https://www.counsellingonline.org.au/ ).
Participants aged 18 to 64 ( N = 137; 109 women) completed the Alcohol-Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT) and Drug Use Disorders Identification Test (DUDIT) along with the CIS, which measures three aspects of disinhibition (Attentional Control, Information-Sampling, and Feedback Monitoring/Shifting). The majority of the sample comprised people with alcohol use, and AUDIT scores were differentiated into ‘higher-risk’ or ‘lower-risk’ groups using latent-class analysis. These classes were then regressed against CIS performance measures.
Compared to lower-risk, higher-risk alcohol use was associated with poorer attentional control and feedback monitoring/shifting. While higher-risk alcohol use was associated with slower information accumulation, this was only observed for older adults, who appeared to compensate with a more conservative response criterion.
Our results reveal novel relationships between higher-risk alcohol use and specific aspects of disinhibition in participants who sought online addiction help services.
认知抑制是酒精和药物使用问题的基础。尽管较高风险的物质使用与较差的抑制作用始终相关，但目前的发现可能受到狭窄的招募方法的限制，这些方法过度代表了参与传统治疗服务且表现更严重的个体。我们在全国性的在线成瘾支持服务（https://www.counsellingonline.org.au/）中嵌入了一种新颖的游戏化抑制任务（认知冲动套件；CIS）。
年龄在 18 至 64 岁之间的参与者（N=137；109 名女性）完成了酒精使用障碍识别测试（AUDIT）和药物使用障碍识别测试（DUDIT）以及 CIS，该测试衡量了抑制的三个方面（注意力控制、信息采样和反馈监测/转移）。样本中的大多数人都有酒精使用问题，并且使用潜在类别分析根据 AUDIT 分数将其分为“高风险”或“低风险”组。然后，将这些类别与 CIS 性能测量值进行回归分析。
与低风险相比，高风险的酒精使用与较差的注意力控制和反馈监测/转移有关。虽然高风险的酒精使用与信息积累较慢有关，但这种情况仅在老年人中观察到，他们似乎通过更保守的反应标准进行了补偿。
我们的研究结果揭示了在寻求在线成瘾帮助服务的参与者中，高风险酒精使用与抑制特定方面之间的新关系。
