Graduate Program in Immunology & Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.
Department of Molecular Virology and Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.
Pediatr Res. 2024 May;95(6):1564-1571. doi: 10.1038/s41390-023-02948-w. Epub 2024 Jan 16.
In very low birth weight (VLBW) infants, human milk cream added to standard human milk fortification is used to improve growth. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of cream supplement on the intestinal microbiome of VLBW infants.
Whole genome shotgun sequencing was performed on stool (n = 57) collected from a cohort of 23 infants weighing 500-1250 grams (control = 12, cream = 11). Both groups received an exclusive human milk diet (mother's own milk, donor human milk, and donor human milk-derived fortifier) with the cream group receiving an additional 2 kcal/oz cream at 100 mL/kg/day of fortified feeds and then 4 kcal/oz if poor growth.
While there were no significant differences in alpha diversity, infants receiving cream significantly differed from infants in the control group in beta diversity. Cream group samples had significantly higher prevalence of Proteobacteria and significantly lower Firmicutes compared to control group. Klebsiella species dominated the microbiota of cream-exposed infants, along with bacterial pathways involved in lipid metabolism and metabolism of cofactors and amino acids.
Cream supplementation significantly altered composition of the intestinal microbiome of VLBW infants to favor increased prevalence of Proteobacteria and functional gene content associated with these bacteria.
We report changes to the intestinal microbiome associated with administration of human milk cream; a novel supplement used to improve growth rates of preterm very low birth weight infants. Since little is known about the impact of cream on intestinal microbiota composition of very low birth weight infants, our study provides valuable insight on the effects of diet on the microbiome of this population. Dietary supplements administered to preterm infants in neonatal intensive care units have the potential to influence the intestinal microbiome composition which may affect overall health status of the infant.
在极低出生体重（VLBW）婴儿中，添加到人乳强化剂中的人乳奶油用于促进生长。本研究旨在评估奶油补充对 VLBW 婴儿肠道微生物组的影响。
对 23 名体重 500-1250 克的婴儿（对照组 12 名，奶油组 11 名）的粪便（n=57）进行全基因组鸟枪法测序。两组均接受人乳喂养（母亲的母乳、捐献母乳和捐献母乳衍生的强化剂），奶油组在强化喂养 100 毫升/千克/天时额外添加 2 千卡/盎司奶油，如果生长不良则添加 4 千卡/盎司奶油。
尽管在 alpha 多样性方面无显著差异，但接受奶油组的婴儿与对照组婴儿在 beta 多样性方面存在显著差异。奶油组样本中变形菌门的丰度明显高于对照组，厚壁菌门的丰度明显低于对照组。克雷伯氏菌属在暴露于奶油的婴儿的微生物群中占主导地位，同时还存在与脂质代谢以及辅因子和氨基酸代谢相关的细菌途径。
奶油补充显著改变了 VLBW 婴儿肠道微生物组的组成，有利于增加变形菌门的丰度和与这些细菌相关的功能基因含量。
我们报告了与使用人乳奶油有关的肠道微生物组的变化；人乳奶油是一种用于提高早产儿极低出生体重儿生长速度的新型补充剂。由于对奶油对极低出生体重儿肠道微生物组组成的影响知之甚少，因此我们的研究为了解饮食对该人群微生物组的影响提供了有价值的见解。在新生儿重症监护病房中给早产儿服用的膳食补充剂有可能影响肠道微生物组的组成，从而可能影响婴儿的整体健康状况。
